初一英语重点知识总结

时间:2022-01-19 17:39:23 总结 我要投稿

初一英语重点知识总结

  总结是指对某一阶段的工作、学习或思想中的经验或情况加以总结和概括的书面材料,它可以帮助我们有寻找学习和工作中的规律,为此我们要做好回顾,写好总结。那么总结有什么格式呢?以下是小编帮大家整理的初一英语重点知识总结,希望能够帮助到大家。

初一英语重点知识总结

  初一英语重点知识总结 篇1

  1. this/that/these/those

  (1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those时that的复数形式。例如:You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。

  I want this car, not that car.我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。

  Take these books to his room, please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。

  This is mine; that’s yours.这个是我的,那个是你的。

  These are apples; those are oranges.这些是苹果,那些是橘子。

  (2)在打电话的用语中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是对方。例如:

  This is Mary speaking. Who’s that?我是玛丽。你是谁?

  2. in/on

  在表示空间位置时,in表示在某个空间的范围以内,on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。

  例如:There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。

  3. There be/ have

  There be "有",其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是:There be +某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。There be后面的名词实际上是主语,be动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:

  (1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。

  (2) There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。

  (3) There are many apples on the tree.那树上有许多苹果。

  总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:

  (4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。

  (5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。

  4. look/ see/ watch

  (1)look表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:

  Look! The children are playing computer games.瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。

  Look! What’s that over there?看!那边那个是什么?

  单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at,才能带宾语,如:

  He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。

  (2)see强调“看”的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:

  What can you see in the picture?你能在图上看到什么?

  Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?

  (3)watch“观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:

  Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。

  5. house/ home/family

  house:“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成员”。例如:Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。

  He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。

  6. fine, nice, good, well

  四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于:

  (1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细",形容人时表示的是"身体健康",也可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如:Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。

  Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器Its a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。

  (2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。

  例如:Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。

  Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you.你真好。

  (3)good形容人时指"品德好",形容物时指"质量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:Her son is a good student.她儿子是一个好学生。

  The red car is very good.那辆红色小汽车很好。

  (4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好",但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:Im very well, thanks.我身体很好,谢谢。

  My friends sing well.我的朋友们歌唱得好。

  7. Thats right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

  That’s right意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:"I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。"

  "Thats right."或"Youre right.""说得对"。

  That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:

  "Many thanks." "Thats all right." "Sorry. Its broken." "Thats all right."

  All right.意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”

  "Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。" "All right.""好吧。"

  Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗?

  8. make/do

  这两个词都可以解释为“做”,但含义却不同,不能混用。make指做东西或制东西,do指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me?你能为我做个纸船吗?

  He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。

  9. say/speak/talk/tell

  say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话。如:

  “I want to go there by bus” , he said .他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。

  speak : “说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语) 。如:Can you speak about him?你能不能说说他的情况?I don’t like to speak like this.我不喜欢这样说话。

  speak作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。

  如:She speaks English well.她英语说得好。

  talk :与speak意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,不过,talk暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:I would like to talk to him about it .我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。

  tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。

  tell a lie撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth如:.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

  10. do cooking/ do the cooking

  do cooking作“做饭”解,属泛指。do the cooking特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语:do some washing洗些衣服do some shopping买些东西do some reading读书do some writing写些东西do some fishing钓鱼

  从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用some, much或定冠词。

  go shopping去买东西go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船go swimming去游泳

  11. like doing sth./ like to do sth.

  like doing sth.与like to do sth.意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:

  He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和李明踢。

  12. other/ others/ the other/ another

  other表其余的,别的,如:Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?

  others别的人,别的东西.如:In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。

  the other表另一个(二者之中)one…,the other…如:One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。

  another表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。

  13. in the tree/ on the tree

  in the tree与on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用on the tree.如:There are some apples on the tree.那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵树上有只鸟。

  14. some/ any

  some和any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。

  (1)some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:

  There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.

  (2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some。如:Would you like some tea?

  15. tall/ high

  (1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用high,例如a tall woman一个高个子妇女a tall horse一个高大的马

  (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如:He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高。

  (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。

  (4)high可作副词,tall不能。

  (5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.

  16. can/ could

  (1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力"。例如:

  Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?What can I do for you?要帮忙吗?Can you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗?

  (2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如:

  Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗?

  It surely cant be six oclock already?不可能已经六点钟了吧?

  You cant be hungry so soon,Tom,youve just had lunch.汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。

  What can he mean?他会是什么意思?

  在日常会话中,can可代替may表示"允许",may比较正式。例如:You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。

  --- Can I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?--- Of course,you can.当然可以。

  You can have my seat,Im going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。

  (3) could

  could是can的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如:

  The doctor said he could help him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。

  Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

  At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

  could可代替can表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:

  Could I speak to John,please?我能和约翰说话吗?

  Could you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?Could you please ring again at six?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?

  (4) can的形式

  只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。

  例如:They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。

  17. look for/ find

  look for意为“寻找”,而find意为“找到,发现”,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结果,而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:She can’t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。

  Tom is looking for his watch,but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。

  18. be sleeping/ be asleep

  be sleeping表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”;be asleep表示状态,意思是“睡着了”。

  如:---What are the children doing in the room?孩子们在房间里做什么?---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。

  The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。

  19. often/ usually/sometimes

  often表示"经常",sometimes表示"有时候",在表示发生频率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则放在句首。

  We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时,我睡觉很早。

  He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。

  20. How much/ How many

  how much常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How much is / are…?

  How much is the skirt?这条裙子多少钱?How much are the bananas?这些香蕉多少钱?

  how much后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,how many后加可数名词的复数形式。

  How much meat do you want?你要多少肉呀?How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少人?

  21. be good for/ be good to/ be good at

  be good for表示"对……有好处",而be bad for表示"对……有害";be good to表示"对……友好",而be bad to表示"对……不好";be good at表示"擅长,在……方面做得好",而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。

  如:Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

  Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。

  Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。

  The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。

  Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。

  22. each/ every

  each和every都有"每一个"的意思,但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼,every从整体着眼。each可用于两者或两者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。

  如:We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。

  He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。

  each可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every只能用作形容词。如:Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的'义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。

  23.一般现在时/现在进行时

  一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为am/is /are/+doing)。

  I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。Im doing my homework now.我现在正在做作业。

  现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment或Look, listen等词连用;而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。

  We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。

  Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看!他们正在打扫教室呢。

  24. put on/ / in

  put on意为“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。

  in是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:

  It’s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷,穿上你的外衣。

  He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子,走了出去。

  The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。

  初一英语重点知识总结 篇2

  1、动词的种类(四类)

  系动词如be(is am are);情态动词如can 、may、need;助动词( do does);行为动词如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等

  2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样)

  如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)

  3、动词的时态(一般现在时)

  ( 1)含有系动词的

  I’m a Chinese boy .

  She is twelve .

  He is Tim’s brother .

  Her mother is an English teacher .

  含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”,上面句子变成一般疑问句时分别为

  Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人称通常变为第二人称)

  Is she twelve ?

  Is he Tim’s brother ?

  Is her mother an English teacher ?

  含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”,前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为

  I’m not a Chinese boy.

  She isn’t twelve .

  He is not Tim’s btother .

  Her mother isn’t an English teacher .

  (2)含有情态动词的句子( can ),

  She can play basketball.

  His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.

  含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”,上面两句变一般疑问句分别为

  Can she play basketball ?

  Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?

  含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为

  She can not play basketball .

  His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs .

  (3)含有行为动词的句子

  We have many friends.

  They watch TV at 7 in the evening .

  The students take their books to school .

  I have lunch at school .

  You have a sister .

  1含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为

  Do you have many friends ?

  Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?

  Do the students take their books to school ?

  Do you have lunch at school ?

  Do you have a sister ?

  2含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don’t .上述五个陈述句变否定句分别为

  We don’t have many friends.

  They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening .

  The students don’t take their books to school .

  I don’t have lunch at school .

  You don’t have a sister .

  3含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词要加s (或es)如:

  She has a red pen .

  He has eggs for breakfast .

  Her mother buys a skirt for her .

  She likes thrillers .

  My brother watches TV every evening .

  He wants to go to a movie .

  含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变一般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为:

  Does she have a red pen ?

  Does he have eggs for breakfast ?

  Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?

  Does she like thrillers ?

  Does your brother watch TV every evening ?

  Does he want to go to a movie ?

  含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变否定句时“在行为动词前面加does’nt ,同时原行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变否定句分别为:

  She doesn’t have a red pen .

  He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast .

  Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her .

  She doesn’t like thrillers .

  My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening .

  He doesn’t want to go to a movie .

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