韩愈《医说》
引导语：韩愈《医说》的大意就是把治病和在治天下联系在一起，两者道理相通。下面我们一起来学习一下这篇文章。
《医说》
作者： 韩愈，年代：唐
善医者，不视人之瘠肥，察其脉之病否而已矣;善计天下者，不视天下之安危，察其纪纲之理乱而已矣。天下者，人也;安危者，肥瘠也;纪纲者，脉也。脉不病，虽瘠不害;脉病而肥者，死矣。通于此说者，其知所以为天下乎!夏、殷、周之衰也，诸侯作而战伐日行矣。传数十王而天下不倾者，纪纲存焉耳。秦之王天下也，无分势于诸侯，聚兵而焚之，传二世而天下倾者，纪纲亡焉耳。是故四支虽无故，不足恃也，脉而已矣;四海虽无事，不足矜也，纪纲而已矣。忧其所可恃，惧其所可矜，善医善计者，谓之天扶与之。《易》曰：“视履考祥。”善医善计者为之。
翻译：精通于医治的 医生，不看别人是胖是瘦，而是观察他的 脉搏是否正常;善于谋略天下的人，不 看天下是不是安全动荡，而是看他的政治 纲领是不是混乱罢了，谋略天下的人就像医生一样，是安全还是危险，就像人胖瘦一样，政治纲领就像人的脉搏一样。 脉象平稳，即使人很瘦也没有什么大碍，脉象有问题而人很胖，他会死的。精通这个道理的人，他的`知识就可以用来治理天下了!夏、殷、周的衰败的原因是 诸侯每天都发起战争。传位数十代君王而 保全天下不被倾覆的人，政治纲领存在罢了。秦国称王于天下，没有分封诸侯，聚兵摧毁各个诸侯，传位 秦二世被天下人倾覆，是政治纲领失去了。所以四肢即使没有病，不足以依赖，脉搏正常才是关键;国家即使没有战事，不足以自大，政治纲领正常才是关建。担心他所依赖的，恐惧他所自大的，精通医术与善意谋略天下的人，称之为上天的帮助。《易》说：“处于人生艰难跋涉之途的君子，应该经常检视自己所走过的道路，并考察前途可能出现的新情况。”精通医术与善意谋略天下的人就是这么做的。
英译
On the Treatment of Illness
Han Yu
A good doctor does not treat a patient by looking at his weight, but by observing whether anything is wrong with his pulse. A good strategist does not administer a country by inspecting its safety, but by checking if political guidelines are properly followed. Administering a country is like treating a patient; a country’s safety is like a patient’s weight; political guidelines are like a human’s pulse. If a patient’s pulse is not diseased, then his thinness is not detrimental. However, if his pulse is diseased, although he is fat, he may die. Anyone who is conversant with his principle also knows the principle of administering a country!
Although the wars between the feudal lords erupting every day caused the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to decline, each had an uninterrupted line of succession for as many as a dozen generations. This is because political guidelines were installed. On the contrary, although all feudal lords were wiped out, the throne of the Qin Dynasty lasted for only two generations before it collapsed. This is all because of its lack of political guidelines. Therefore, even if one’s entire body is fine, there is nothing to be content with, for it is the pulse that is the deciding factor. Even if the whole country is at peace, there is nothing to be complacent over, for it is the political guidelines that play a vital role. If one is worried about what he should be content with or fears what he can be complacent over, he is then a good doctor or a good strategist, and he will then have Heaven’s assistance. The Book of Changes says: “Life is but a journey; watch your footsteps!” That’s exactly the instruction a good doctor or a good strategist is supposed to follow.
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