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变压器保护的英文文献范文
篇一：变压器英文文献
Transformer short-circuit accident on the handling of Thoughts Astract: The accident in the transformer, the higher probability, a greater threat to the device is the transformer short circuit, especially the low pressure side of the transformer short-circuit. Transformer low voltage side to the incident after short inspection and processing to be described.
Key words: Thinking transformer short-circuit accident
Treatment transformer short-circuit accident, first by checking, testing to find out the real problem lies; followed the process should also pay attention to related issues. Specific considerations are as follows:
First, the transformer short-circuit accident inspection, testing.
When subjected to sudden short-circuit transformers, high and low pressure side will be significant short-circuit current, no time off in a very short time circuit breaker, short circuit currents and current proportional to the square of the electric power to act on the transformer winding, This electric power can be divided into radial force and axial force. In short, the effect of radiation on the winding force of tension will be high voltage winding, low voltage winding
under pressure. Since winding round, round objects, the pressure ratio is more easily deformed by tension, therefore, more low-voltage winding deformation. Sudden short circuit in the axial force generated by the compression and the high and low voltage winding winding because the axial displacement, axial force is also acting on the core and clamps.
Therefore, in face of sudden short-circuit the transformer, the most prone to deformation of the low-voltage winding and balanced winding, then the high voltage windings, core and clamps. Therefore, the transformer short-circuit accident, the inspection is to check the main winding, core, clamps and other parts.
First, the winding of the inspection and test
When the transformer short-circuit in the electric power under the action of winding the same time by pressing, pulling, bending and other forces acting, concealment caused by the failure of its strong, is not easy to check and repair, so the short circuit fault should focus on checking winding situation.
(A) of the transformer DC resistance measurement
According to the transformer DC resistance measurements to check the
winding DC resistance unbalance and compared with previous measurements, can effectively examine the transformer winding damage. For example, a low voltage transformer short-circuit side after the accident to the DC resistance of
C increased by about 10% of new shares which may be winding to determine the situation, and finally winding hanging out, it was discovered off one phase winding C shares.
(2) measurement of transformer winding capacitance.
By the winding capacitance between the windings, and the cake layer
capacitance and the winding-fat capacitor. This capacitor and the winding and core and in the gap, winding and core of the gap between the windings, the gap between cake layers and on. When the winding deformation, the general was "S"-shaped bend, which leads to winding on the core of the gap distance smaller, winding capacitance to ground will be larger, but the smaller the gap, the greater the capacitance changes, so winding electrical capacity can indirectly reflect the degree of winding deformation.
(3) check after hanging hood.
After lifting the transformer cover, check out the transformer if internal molten slag or copper slag or aluminum pieces of paper, high-density cable, you can determine the occurrence of a greater degree of winding deformation and off shares, etc. In addition, the shift from the winding Pad or off, clips and other bits, the pressure screw displacement can also determine the extent of the damage the windings.
2, core and clamps checks.
Transformer core should have sufficient mechanical strength. Core of the mechanical strength is by all clamping on the core strength of their
connections to guarantee. When the electric power generated when the winding, winding clamping axial force of the reaction will be offset, if the clamps, pull strength of less than the axial force plate when the clamps, pull board and the winding will be damaged. Therefore, we should carefully check the core, clamps, pull the state board and its connections.
(1) Check the yoke iron core chips have ran up and down situation.
(2) should be measured through the core and the core of the insulation
resistance of the screw, check whether the damaged wearing coat-core screw; check the drawing board, drawing board connector for damage.
(3) because of short circuit in the transformer, the plate and the clamps may
occur between the displacement pressure of the nail plate and the yoke pulled off the ground connection, or over-current chip burning, so the plate for the winding, in addition to check the pressure screw, plate damaged, we must also check the winding and the pressure on the yoke screw and the ground connection is reliable.
3, the analysis of transformer oil and gas.
After suffering the impact of transformer short-circuit in the gas relay large amounts of gas may accumulate, it can be taken after the accident in the transformer gas relay the gas and oil inside the transformer for laboratory analysis, to determine the nature of the incident.
Second, the transformer short-circuit fault handling precautions.
1, pieces of insulation should be replaced to ensure the performance of insulators.
When dealing with the replacement of insulation parts should be tested for performance, and meet the requirements before use. In particular insulation on the lead frame wood attention should be paid. Wood should be placed before installation of about 80 ℃ hot transformer oil immersion period of time to ensure that the insulation of wood.
2, transformer oil filling the transformer insulation test should be conducted after 24 hours of rest.
Because some of the moisture in the insulation pieces soak in the hot oil a longer time, the water will spread to the surface of insulation, if the fuel
injection after the test check the insulation defects often do not come out. For example, a 31.5MVA the 110kV transformer low voltage side of the
replacement of the treatment of a stent kV copper block, transformer filling of all the normal tests, 10kV low voltage side of the core, clamps, and insulation resistance is reduced to about 1MΩ. Cover by hanging after examination, found that the stent 10kV copper block insulation is very low. Therefore, the transformer insulation test should be conducted 24 hours after the grease still more reliable.
3, the core back to the equipment should be noted that the sharp corners.
Installed in the back yoke, attention should be angular core chip, and timely measurement of oil duct insulation, in particular, pay attention to the oil channel at the chip corners, to prevent overlap resulting core chip multi-point grounding. For example, one of the 220kV 120MVA transformers, replacement
of the low pressure side of the winding back yoke installed, due to back loaded in the chip did not pay attention to sharp corners, and no timely measure the oil duct insulation, after installation of insulation to measure the oil channel 0
Finally, take a long time to find the core chip, due to short circuit the oil channel sharp corners.
关于处理变压器短路事故的几点思考
摘要：在变压器事故中，发生概率较高、对设备威胁较大的就是变压器短路事故，特别是变压器低压侧发生短路，关于变压器保护的2000字英语文献。就变压器低压侧短路后进行的事故检查和处理予以阐述。
关键词：变压器短路 事故 思考
处理变压器短路事故，首先要通过检查、试验找出问题实质所在；其次处理过程还应注意相关问题。具体思考如下：
首先，变压器短路事故后的检查、试验。
变压器在遭受突发短路时，高低压侧都将受很大的短路电流，在断路器来不及断开的很短时间内，短路电流产生与电流平方成正比的电动力将作用于变压器的绕组，此电动力可分为辐向力和轴向力。在短路时，作用在绕组上的辐向力将使高压绕组受到张力，低压绕组受到压力。由于绕组为圆形，圆形物体受压力比受张力更容易变形，因此，低压绕组更易变形。在突发短路时产生的轴向力使绕组压缩和使高低压绕组发生轴向位移，轴向力也作用于铁芯和夹件。
因此，变压器在遭受突发短路时，最容易发生变形的是低压绕组和平衡绕组，然后是高中压绕组、铁芯和夹件。因此，变压器短路事故后的检查主要是检查绕组、铁芯、夹件以及其它部位。
一、绕组的检查与试验
由于变压器短路时，在电动力作用下，绕组同时受到压、拉、弯曲等多种力的作用，其造成的故障隐蔽性较强，也是不容易检查和修复的，所以短路故障后应重点检查绕组情况。
（一）变压器直流电阻的测量
根据变压器直流电阻的测量值来检查绕组的直流电阻不平衡率及与以往测量值相比较，能有效地考察变压器绕组受损情况。例如，某台变压器短路事故后低压侧C向直流电阻
增加了约10％，由此判断绕组可能有新股情况，最后将绕组吊出检查，发现C相绕组断1股。
（2）变压器绕组电容量的测量。
绕组的电容由绕组匝间、层间及饼间电容和绕组发电容构成。此电容和绕组与铁芯及地的间隙、绕组与铁芯的间隙、绕组匝间、层间及饼间间隙有关。当绕组变形时，一般呈“S”形的弯曲，这就导致绕组对铁芯的间隙距离变小，绕组对地的电容量将变大，而且间隙越小，电容量变化越大，因此绕组的电容量可以间接地反映绕组的变形程度。
（3）吊罩后的检查。
变压器吊罩后，如果检查出变压器内部有熔化的铜渣或铝渣或高密度电缆纸的碎片，则可以判断绕组发生了较大程度的变形和断股等，另外，从绕组垫块移位或脱落、压板等位、压钉位移等也可以判断绕组的受损程度。
2、铁芯与夹件的检查。
变压器的铁芯应具有足够的机械强度。铁芯的机械强度是靠铁芯上的所有夹紧件的强度及其连接件来保证的。当绕组产生电动力时，绕组的`轴向力将被夹件的反作用力抵消，如果夹件、拉板的强度小于轴向力时，夹件、拉板和绕组将受到损坏。因此，应仔细检查铁芯、夹件、拉板及其连接件的状况。
（1）检查铁芯上铁轭芯片是否有上下窜动情况。
（2）应测量穿芯螺杆与铁芯的绝缘电阻，检查穿芯螺杆外套是否受损；检查拉板、拉板连接件是否损坏。
（3）因为在变压器短路时，压板与夹件之间可能发生位移，使压板与压钉上铁轭的接地连接片拉断或过电流烧损，所以对于绕组压板，除了检查压钉、压板的受损外，还应检查绕组与压钉及上铁轭的接地连接是否可靠。
3、变压器油及气体的分析。
变压器遭受短路冲击后，在气体继电器内可能会积聚大量气体，因此在变压器事故后可以取气体继电器内的气体和对变压器内部的油进行化验分析，即可判断事故的性质。
其次，变压器短路故障处理中应注意的事项。
1、更换绝缘件时应保证绝缘件的性能。
篇二：关于变压器英文文献
Transformer short-circuit fault handling precautions. 1, pieces of insulation should be replaced to ensure the performance of insulators. When dealing with the replacement of the insulation pieces should be tested for performance, and meet the requirements before use. In particular insulation on the lead frame wood attention should be paid. Wood should be placed before installation of about 80 ℃ hot transformer oil immersion period of time to ensure that the insulation of wood.2, transformer oil filling the transformer insulation test should be conducted after 24 hours of rest. Because some of the moisture in the insulation pieces soak in the hot oil a longer time, the water will spread to the surface of insulation, if the fuel injection after the test check the insulation defects often do not come out. For example, a 31.5MVA the 110kV transformer low voltage side of the replacement of the treatment of a stent kV copper block, transformer filling of all the normal tests, 10kV low voltage side of the core, clamps, and insulation resistance is reduced to about 1M . Cover by hanging after examination, found that the stent 10kV copper block insulation is very low. Therefore, the transformer insulation test should be conducted 24 hours after the grease still more reliable.3, the core back to the equipment should be noted that the sharp corners. Installed in the back yoke, attention should be angular core chip, and timely measurement of oil duct insulation, in particular, pay attention to the oil channel at the chip corners, to prevent overlap resulting core chip multi-point grounding. For example, one of the 220kV 120MVA transformers, replacement of the low pressure side of the winding back yoke installed, due to back loaded in the chip did not pay attention to sharp corners, and no timely measure the oil duct insulation, after installation of insulation to measure the oil channel 0 Finally, take a long time to find the core chip, due to short circuit the oil channel sharp corners.变压器短路故障处理中应注意的事项： 1、更换绝缘件时应保证绝缘件的性能。 处理时对所更换的绝缘件应测试其性能，且符合要求方可使用。特别对引线支架木块 的绝缘应引起重视。木块在安装前应置于 80℃左右的热变压器油中浸渍一段时间，以保证 木块的绝缘。 2、变压器绝缘测试应在变压器注油静止 24 小时后进行。 由于某些受潮的绝缘件在热油浸泡较长时间后，水分会扩散到绝缘的表面，如果注油 后就试验往往绝缘缺陷检查不出来。 例如一台 31.5MVA 的 110kV 变压器低压侧在处理时更换 了 kV 铜排的一块支架木块，变压器注油后试验一切正常，10kV 低压侧对铁芯、夹件及地绝 缘电阻减小为约 1MΩ。后经吊罩检查，发现 10kV 铜排的.支架木块绝缘非常低。因此绝缘测 试应在变压器注油静止 24 小时后进行较为可靠。 3、铁芯回装应注
意其尖角。 在回装上铁轭时，应注意铁芯芯片的尖角，并及时测量油道间绝缘，特别是要注意油 道处的芯片尖角，要防止芯片搭接造成铁芯多点接地。例如一台 120MVA 的 220kV 变压器， 在低压侧更换绕组回装上铁轭时， 由于在回装时没有注意芯片尖角， 又没有及时测量油道间 绝缘，安装完毕后测量油道间绝缘为 0，最后花费了较长时间才找到是由于铁芯芯片尖角短 接了油道。
篇三：变压器英文论文
Substation system over-voltage protection technology
Second substation equipment over-voltage protection on electronic information system for the protection of core equipment for the construction of a protected both pressure and other potential system, and through all levels of over-voltage surge protectors of the current step by step into the land of China, Substation secondary safety equipment and reliable operation.
1 second over-voltage substation protection
In recent years, the substation communications, communications systems, protection systems, background management module frequent over-voltage damage, the main reason for this is weak and its related systems products over-voltage protection level is weak, or no guard against over-voltage Technical measures, the consequences for the safe operation of power grids bring about a greater negative impact. With integrated automation systems and automation systems such as communication systems in the substation weak secondary by the wider use of such electronic systems (equipment) components of the integrated more and more, the growing volume of information storage, speed and accuracy of the Increased and operates only a few volts, current information only microamp level, thus extremely sensitive to outside interference, especially the lightning and electromagnetic pulse, such as over-voltage tolerance is low. When thunder and lightning, such as over-voltage and accompanied by the electromagnetic fields reach a certain threshold, ranging from system failure caused, resulted in heavy equipment or permanent damage to its components. Despite the thunder and lightning viewpoint of electronic systems (equipment) is unlikely, but lightning strike near the land, buildings, communication and air supply line directly Leiyun discharge form, or because of electrostatic induction and the impact of electromagnetic induction formation of over-voltage, There might be connected to the power lines, signal lines or grounding system, through various interfaces to transfer, coupling, radiation and other forms of invasive electronic system (equipment) and lead to serious disturbances or incidents. Therefore, strengthening and improving the electronic system (equipment) protection, to minimize the impact of interference by lightning and other damage caused direct losses and indirect losses, has become the urgent need to solve the problem. 2 over-voltage protection design
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) TC/81 mine technical committee will be divided into internal and external mine mine in two parts, the external mine is lightning rod (or with lightning, lightning network), Yin Xiaxian and grounding system, Objects to be protected from direct lightning strikes, mine is to prevent internal lightning and other internal over-voltage damage caused by invasive equipment. A comprehensive mine and over-voltage protection systems must be
integrated use of discharge (segregation), both pressure (and other potential), shielding (isolation), grounded, limit pressure (clamp) protection, and other technology, in accordance with the external mine And the principle of internal mine, in accordance with the targets of protective features, flexible application to take concrete measures, constitute a complete protection system. Over-voltage substation in the form are: Lightning over-voltage, the resonant frequency over-voltage and over-voltage, over-voltage operation, these over-voltage transmission or electromagnetic induction to the way the lines and equipment on a dangerous over-voltage, in particular, Lightning over-voltage, lightning substation, in the low-voltage power supply system and weak system to produce a strong over-voltage sensor, while the substation to potential rise (for example: the substation grounding resistance to 1 Q, lightning current 10 kA, while the potential for 10 kV), due to the increased potential of the counter lines and equipment damaged lines and equipment and the events have occurred, therefore, despite the substation outside the mine system (lightning rod. Yin Xiaxian And grounding devices) in line with national standards and the requirements of Buban, and the integrated automation and communications automation systems, such as weak secondary have been taken, such as shielding, grounding, isolation, filtering, and other measures, but it can not completely avoid over-voltage powerful lightning And voltage of the system counter the disruption caused damage and, therefore, the second weak system substation and a mine-voltage must also take the appropriate protective measures, in accordance with the IEC within the mine area EMP, the device's power cord, signal Lines, data lines, and the installation of lightning protection and internal over-voltage devices to prevent lightning sensors, channeling people along the lightning current, voltage counterattack, such as transient voltage surge too transient over-voltage caused by a fault and damaged electronic equipment. Over-voltage surge protection in accordance with its connection mode is divided into two series and parallel, the use of over-voltage surge protection tandem with, there may exist because of signal transmission does not match the causes of transmission of the signal interference, in particular data Communication Interface in the series were over-voltage surge protection in place, will have the normal data communications. Therefore, the data communications access I: I in the series were over-voltage surge protection in place, the transmission of data must be carried out conscientiously check if the data are not normal transmission, it may be due to the reasons do not match the transmission signal Interference, should be replaced to match the over-voltage surge protection for. If the use of over-voltage surge protection for use of parallel, the situation is basically non-existent, but the connection mode of over-voltage surge protection for higher technical requirements.
3 secondary system over-voltage substation protection
3.1 points over-voltage electricity system protection
Substation installed in the communications dispatch automation systems are used AC power or a DC power supply equipment for the rectification of its links are generally larger capacity filter capacitance, the transient over-voltage shock absorption of a certain extent, the station Low-voltage transformer side go to feed between the screen using a shielded cable and equipment have a good grounding, the use of modern technology to analyze mine, we must increase the circuit's segregation measures, because its grounding, protection and other electrical grounding all Grounding devices using the same equipment, and equipment are in a LPZOB, the relative strength of strong electromagnetic pulse, the station changed to prevent low-pressure side although there are lines intrusive wave arrester, but the residual pressure high, in the substation of lightning, through the line Coupling and the potential rise caused by over-voltage counterattack still exist, and high-pressure side of the residual pressure as high as several thousand volts, it is necessary to these scheduling automation equipment for the power supply over-voltage circuit protection. Lightning Protection in accordance with the principle of regional division, substation equipment in the secondary power supply system over-voltage sensors lightning protection may be two (B, C level) for the protection of segregation. B-mine use is generally greater flow capacity of the mine installations, the Lightning could be more casual Liuxie people, to achieve the objective of current limit, over-voltage at the same time will reduce to a certain extent, c-mine use With lower residual pressure of the mine installations, you can loop in the remaining scattered lightning Liuxie people, to limit the purpose of over-voltage, over-voltage equipment can be reduced to the level of tolerance. The main power supply system is inhibited lightning protection and operation of the power back to the road and over-voltage surge. According to the substation status of the substation of the second mine-sensing system and the operation and use of two over-voltage protection. As build more substations in the region more open, relatively strong electromagnetic strength, power lines and communication cables are very vulnerable to lightning attacks sensors, sensors along the over-voltage power lines and communication lines into one device, which will damage equipment, Therefore, the exchange of first-class bus to install the power protection (B level) is to ensure the safety of the entire control room, and 80 percent of the over-voltage China, scattered to the earth, play a primary role in the protection, but are still in the exchange of feeder Some of the B-level power supply voltage and mine the residual pressure increases on-line and must therefore be important in the exchange of feeder lines (DC charging screen, UPS, etc.) c-level power protection, which would curb over-voltage electrical equipment to back-end To the level of tolerance.
Protective location: It is 1 EC1312 (LEMP protection "in the region of lightning protection principles. Arrester installation should be in different locations at the junction of protected areas, this network, the first-class protection should be located in the bus exchange. In Two on the bus with the installation of a B-class models of a three-phase power supply voltage surge protector.
Install Location: AC bus (cabinet).
3.1.2 second-class protection measures to deal with
For the more important feeder lines on the exchange of equipment, here for the DC charge screen, the installation of c-level three-phase power arrester. As DC charging screen is two-way exchange of electricity supply, so the screen in the DC charge with the installation of two models of c-level three-phase power supply over-voltage surge protector. Installation location should choose the DC charge screen open exchange of air power
Commissioner Office.
3.2 integrated automation system over-voltage protection
Protective position: Computer-based integrated automation system's ability to bear a very low voltage, several hundred volts of over-voltage is enough to damage the equipment, so must the high side arrester the residual pressure (thousands of volts) to further curb to meet equipment Insulation level of need, and because of the potential rise to power and the induction loop is also over-voltage line up on KV, to be used in the exchange of integrated automation system to the exchange on the c-level single-phase installation of a surge Voltage protection. Location should choose to install automated-ping in the Composite Air switch the AC power.
3.3 did not ask off power supplies (UPS) over-voltage protection
Protection here: because of the internal computer systems, hubs, monitoring equipment, electric energy billing systems and so on through the UPS power supply protection, in order to protect the safety of these micro-electronics equipment, the UPS power supply device in front of the installation of a c-Surge Voltage protection. Optional models: The (UPS for single-phase power input) C-class single-phase power surge or over-voltage protection (UPS for the three-phase power input) of c-level three-phase power supply over-voltage surge protector. Installation should choose the location of UPS into the front line.
3.4 communication interface over-voltage protection
Communication Interface over-voltage protection compared with the grid supply system, this over-voltage circuit on the degree of sensitivity is much higher, and these are over-voltage equipment in the circumstances it is very fragile. Equipment insulation tolerance level is very low. With the equipment connected to a signal line, data lines, measurement and control lines, and these are basically in line LPZOB
region, but also through the LVZOA region, on the lines of sensors over-voltage relatively strong, according to the IEC test, when the electromagnetic field Strength increased to 0.07 GS, will have a micro-computer equipment malfunction, loss of data. And the safety of these circuits is directly related to a system of safety equipment, so important to be on the interface circuit over-voltage protection.
3.4.1 remote computer interface devices over-voltage protection
Protective position: As substation computer remote installations scattered distribution structure. From remote modules, intelligent telemetry module, intelligent remote control module, intelligent remote-module. The modules are installed in different automated-ping, through the RS232 interface between the modules or field bus communication. These interfaces are in the indoor circuit, equipment interface circuits shorter the distance, so there will be no more sensors to the over-voltage, but the automation equipment and other secondary equipment (measurement unit, computer, etc.) have electrical connections, when Other secondary equipment sensors to a strong over-voltage sensors, will be counter to these automation equipment, communications interface, so that damage to equipment interface circuits, it is necessary in these devices RS232 interfaces on the installation of a surge Voltage protection. Installation location should choose the remote computer interface devices, communications lines.
3.4.2 electric energy billing system signals over-voltage protection
A protective position: a multi-functional electronic power substation table, energy acquisition, the electronic power meter to bear a very low voltage levels. As Meter and remote computer stations in the communications equipment used RS232 interfaces, the communication line is longer, and in LVZOB region, near the substation or by direct lightning strike at the substation, proximity to the high voltage sensors, In order to prevent damage to equipment. E-Meter in and around the RS232 port RS232 installation of the over-voltage surge protector. Location should choose to install electronic power meter in and around the port, RS232.
The location of protection: electronic power meter through the acquisition of information on the collector's MODEM (modem) from telephone lines to send data to a remote, since the introduction of telephone lines from the outside, the lines on the sensor to sensor lightning current relatively strong, easy to Modem interface equipment damage, it is necessary in the telephone line modem interface, the installation of an interface over-voltage surge protector. Location should choose to install telephone Chuxian inside and outside phone lines-the-line people.
3.4.3 distance communication interface over-voltage protection
Protective position: Since the basic use of unmanned substation. On the first circuit protection, measurement, control, regulation of signal through the optical and data communications network or carrier to the distance (in tune, and stressed that the centralized control stations, etc.) to transmit data. If the carrier, the carrier and the