M5 Unit 1 Getting along with others
Grammar: Verb-ing as an adjective or adverb
学习目标：
1. 能够了解动词不定式和动名词的主要用法，并能够正确的运用。
2. 通过练习巩固所学语法。
课前学习：
1． 课前自学课本P28-31，了解并掌握动词不定式和动名词的用法。
2. 完成P29和P31上的相关练习。
课堂学习：
现在分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词，除和助动词一起构成时态外，还可以是非谓语动词。分词做非谓语动词使用是高考考查的一个重要语法项目。
1. 形式
肯定式 doing sth. The old man sitting in the corner is John’s father.
否定式 not doing sth. Not knowing English, he asked his brother to translate the article into Chinese.
完成体 having done sth. Having finished his work, he went home.
被动式 being done The house being built is our dormitory.
完成被动式 having been done Having been criticized by his father, he gave up smoking.
2. 用法
现在分词表示主动和进行，可同它的宾语、状语构成分词短语，在句中作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
(1) 做定语
单个的现在分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前；而现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰的名词之后。
The sleeping child is Jack’s little sister.
He is a promising young man.
Tell the boy playing outside not to make any noise.
The young man sitting under the tree is my brother.
现在分词作定语时，所表示的动作既可表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性，习惯性的动作或现在的状态。
His father works in a factory making color TV sets.
=His father works in a factory that makes color TV sets.
The young man sitting between John and Mary comes from Canada.
=The young man who is sitting between John and Mary comes from Canada.
(2 ) 作表语
现在分词作表语时，主语通常是无生命的事物，现在分词用来说明主语的性质、特征，此时现在分词已经具备了形容词的特征。
The film is very interesting and moving.
The news sounds disappointing .
What you said is really inspiring.
(3 ) 作宾语补足语
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
We saw our teacher doing the experiment.
现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生（处于动作的发生过程中，还没有结束）；而动词不定式作宾语补足语时，则表示动作已经发生，运作的过程已经结束。
I saw him crossing the road.(强调正在进行)
I saw him cross the road.(强调从路这边走到那边的过程)
(4 ) 作状语
现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方法或伴随状况，相当于状语从句，其逻辑主语必须与句子保持一致。
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
巩固练习：
一、指出下列句中动词-ing 形式的句法功能
1.Do you know the girl sitting under the tall tree?
2.She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, inviting him to attend the party.
3.Feeling hot ,Tom uncovered his quilt ,leaving only his stomach covered.
4. We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
5.Having been translated into many languages ,the novel is well known to all over the world.
6.It’s very discouraging that so many students have failed.
7.He died ,leaving some money to her.
8.Not having done his work ,he had to stay alone in the office.
9. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
10. It's no use quarrelling.
11.I suggested asking his brother for some money.
12.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Not having completed (complete) the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
2. The old man, having worked (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
3. At this moment the bell rang, announcing (announce) the end of class.
4. The workers had the machines running (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
5. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding (add) that he had enjoyed his stay here.
6. Having been cheated (cheat) many times , She now believes nobody.
7. When he awoke, he found himself being looked after (look after) by an old man.
8. The graduating students are busy collecting (collect) material for their reports.
9. She caught the student cheating (cheat) in exams.
10.The missing boys were last seen playing (play) near the river.
11.Being exposed (expose) to sunlight for too long will do harm to one’s skin.
12.Having watered (water) the flower, he began to cut the grass.
13.Being (be) a tailor, she knows how to deal with this material.
14.Not knowing (not, know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
15. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
二、将下列句子划线部分改写为现在分词短语
1.Look round when you cross the street.
Look round when crossing the street.
2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.
3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4. While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
5. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
6. Since l didn’t know Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.
Not knowing Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.
三、单项选择
1. We had an anxious couple of weeks D for the results of the experiment. （08四川）
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
2.-Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
-Sorry. With so much work B my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
3. A that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.（08北京）
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
4. D to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead（08重庆）
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
5. B in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （08安徽）
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
6. I smell something A in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （07全国）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice A him. （07上海）
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
8. He is a student at Oxford University, B for a degree in computer science.（07北京）
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be9.
9. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not B , and asked myself what I was going to do. （07 湖南卷）
A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved
10. B that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.（07陕西）
A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying
11. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
12. The library's study room is full of students B for the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busily preparing
C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
13. While watching television, __C___. （2005全国卷II）
A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings
14. A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language D all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
15.I went to see him, ____C___him out.
A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding
课后学习：
1． 复习现在分词的所有用法及重要考察点
2． 完成书后Workbook中的相关的练习
学习感悟：
1. 我学会了：_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 我的困惑是(还有哪些不理解的地方)：__________________________________________