初三Unit 12重难点解析

发布时间:2016-1-17 编辑:互联网 手机版

作者:刘世一

1. 【原文】 ... and it has been visited by man already. (L. 46)句中man在此是什么用法?谓语是什么形式?

【精析】 man表示"(男)人"时是具体名词,前面要使用冠词或复数形式。man表示"人类"时,前不加冠词,为单数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: Man can't live without air or water. 没有空气和水,人类就没法生存。

句子的谓语是现在完成时的被动语态,其结构是:have / has been done。如: About two hundred stamps have been collected by David. 大约有两百张邮票被大卫收集了。

2. 【原文】 No eating, drinking or smoking is allowed ... (L. 47 )请讲一下本句的主谓关系。

【精析】由形容词no修饰的词在句中作并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数要根据离它最近的主语而定,即依据就近原则来确定。如:No food or drinks are in the fridge. 冰箱里没有食物和饮料。

但如果原句的三个并列主语前没有no修饰,那么谓语动词应用复数形式,即原句可改写为:

Eating, drinking and smoking are not allowed in the computer room.

3. 【原文】 All the computers must be shut down ... (L. 47)与"关"有关的词语有哪几个?

【精析】 shut, close, shut down, turn off都有"关"的意思,但在具体语言实践中各有侧重。

shut和close表示"关"的意思时,常用来指关闭门窗,合上书本等,shut还可以表示"把......盖上"。如:

Shut / Close the door. 关上门。

Close / Shut your books. 合上书。

Please shut down the lid of a box. 请把箱盖盖上。

shut down可以用来表示"关闭(电器类)",还可以强调(工厂、企业)"倒闭;关闭"等。如:They've shut down their factory. 他们关闭了他们的工厂。

turn off 多用来表示"关上(电灯、收音机、煤气)"等,主要强调通过旋钮开关。如:Please turn off the lights in the room when you leave. 当你离开时,请把屋里的灯关上。

4. 【原文】 ... if you set your mind to do it. (L. 48)请讲述一下有关mind短语的用法。

【精析】 本课出现的set one's mind"专心做某事",后跟不定式或介词on(to)构成的短语。如:

I've set my mind on this plan and don't want to give it up. 关于这个计划我已经下定决心了,不会放弃。

mind作为名词组成的短语还有make up one's mind意为"下决心";keep...in mind意为"记住......;记在心里";come into one's mind"(想法等)浮现于(某人的)心中"。如:

Tom has made up his mind to be a teacher in the future. 汤姆已经决定将来要作一名老师。

Please keep these rules in mind. 请记住这些规则。

A good idea came into his mind. 他想起了一个好主意。