【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．bother：
（1）作“打扰；烦扰”讲，bother为及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语。例如：
Will it bother you if I turn the television on? 我开电视会不会吵着你?
I'm busy, don't bother me. 我正忙着，不要打扰我。
I'm sorry to bother you, but can you direct me to the railway station?
劳驾,你能不能告诉我到火车站怎么走?
（2）作为不及物动词bother常与about, with, to连用，意思是“麻烦，烦恼，操心”。
例如：
Don't bother with/about it. 别为此操心。
Don't bother about it. 不用麻烦了。
Don't bother about answering his letter. 你不必回复他的信。
（3）bother可以作名词使用，此时它是不可数名词，意思是“麻烦，不便”。
例如：
We had a lot of bother in repairing the press machine.
修理这台印刷机费了很大劲。
They had a lot of bother on the trip because they were not so familiar with that area.
路上他们遇到了很多麻烦，因为他们对那个地区不是很熟悉。
We had a lot of bother finding our way.
我们经过很多麻烦才找到这里。
The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.
客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。
（4）习惯用语：主要作表示不高兴的强调用语。
例如：
Bother the lot of you! 你们这些人真讨厌！
Bother it! 讨厌!
2．由make构成的常用词组：
be made from…：由…制成（看不见原材料）
be made of…：由…制成（看得见原材料）
be made into…：制成…
be made in…：由…制造（in后接制造地）
be made up of…：由…构成、组成（=be composed of=consist of=constitute）
make up：编造；和解，言归于好；化妆，打扮
make up for…：弥补…
make use of…：利用…
make up one’s mind：打定主意，决定
make sense：讲得通，有意义
make fun of…：取笑…
例如：
Paper is made from wood.
纸是由木材制成的。
This bridge is made of stone.
这座桥是石头砌成的。
Wood can be made into many useful things, such as tables, chairs, etc.
木材可以制成很多有用的东西，比如桌子、椅子等等。
That beautiful car is made in China.
那辆漂亮的车是在中国制造的。
Our class is made up of 36 boys and 16 girls.
我们班由36名男生和16名女生组成。
He made up a very wonderful story for his being late.
他为自己的迟到编造了一个很精彩的故事（借口）。
Did he make up to you?
他给你和解了吗？
You should make up for what you have lost.
你应该把失去的东西弥补回来。
We should make full use of our precious time.
我们应该充分利用我们宝贵的时间。
They have made up their minds to come tomorrow.
他们已经打定主意明天来。
What you said doesn’t make any sense, so I can’t make sense of it.
你说的话毫无意义，所以，我无法理解。
二、词义辨析
1．bear, suffer, endure, tolerate, stand这组动词都有“忍受”的意思
（1）bear 和 suffer 可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”，bear 侧重于表示“忍受沉重或难办的事”。
例如：
In the end I could not bear it. 最后，我受不了啦。
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一只香烟时，我就受不住了。
（2）suffer 侧重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事”。
例如：
No benefactions and research endowments can make up for the change in character which the university city has suffered.
捐款和科研经费决不能弥补大学城所经受的性质上的变化。
（3）endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。
例如：
What can't be cured must be endured.
治不好的病就必须忍受。（谚语）
Travelers in space have to endure many discomforts in their rockets.
宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不舒适的东西
（4）tolerate 和 stand 都表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。tolerate 的内涵是“为了和平或融洽而不反对”。
例如：
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond my ken.
为了农村生活的模糊的好处，人们为何甘愿忍受每天在路上花四个小时，这便超越了我的见识了。
Considering his home situation, he had to tolerate his wife.
考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子了。
（5）stand 常与 bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”。
例如：
He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.
他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。
He stood the test of war. 他经受住了战争的考验。
2．but, however, while的区别：
（1）but作“但是，然而”讲，是并列连词。
例如：
I was going to write, but I lost your address.
我本来要写信的，可是把你的地址弄丢了。
The journey was long but interesting. 旅途虽然长，但是很有趣。
（1）however也作“然而，可是”讲，但它是副词。它的用法比but更正式，可以用在句首、句中和句尾，前后必须有逗号和其它成分隔开。
例如：
He hasn't arrived. He may, however, come later.
他还未到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。
"I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full."
"我很想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。"
（2）but和however含有转折的意味，而while则强调前者和后者的对比，这时while为连词。
例如：
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
You like tennis, while I'd rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
三、重点句型
1．I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
这个句子中，when引导的句子表示“就在那时，突然”的意思。不要翻译成“当…的时候”。再如：I was cooking in the kitchen when the telephone rang loudly. 我正在厨房做饭，突然/就在那时，电话铃声大作。
2．It was a time in which many sad things happened to her.
此句中的a time表示一个时期，in which引导一个定语从句。要注意：something happen to somebody表示“某人出了什么事情”，此处to为介词；而我们还会看到以下句型：I happened to meet him in the street. 在这个句型中， to是不定式符号，此句意思与下一句相同：=It happened that I met him in the street.
3．Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US, she is also a woman who has inspired millions.
此句中的“not just…also…”表示“不仅…而且…”，再如：Einstein was not just a great scientist, he was also a music lover. 另外这个句子中的动词inspire的用法也要注意，除了本句的主动语态外，它还经常用于被动语态。例如：
I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
四、语法复习
主谓一致:
1．由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：
Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. (指不同的人)
李明和张华是好学生。
Both the teachers and the students are here. (指不同的人)
老师和学生都在这里。
The writer and poet lives in the village. (指同一个人)
这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里。
Husband and wife forms a family.
夫妻组成家庭。
Note: 1).由 every, each, many a, no ...等词修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都邀请了。
No boy and girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。
Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. 很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。
In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。
（2）.当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
A watch and chain was found on the desk. 桌子上发现了表。
Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。
2．由or, not only... but also..., either...or, neither...nor...连接主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。
例如：
Either you or I am mad. 要么是你要么是我疯了。
Neither you nor he is right. 你和它都不对。
Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me.
不仅老师，而且他的家人都对我很友好。
3．当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。
例如：
All but one were here just now.
除了一个，刚才其他所有的（人）都在这里。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation.
有着五千本书的一个图书馆提供给了国家。
She as well as the other teachers is going to another park.
她和其他老师都要去另一个公园。
A farmer together with some workers is about to help us.
一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。
4．某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths, economics (经济学), politics, news, means, works(工厂), 作主语时用单数形式。
例如：
Physics is very important. 物理是很重要的。
Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都已经试过了。
This works was built in 1982. 这家工厂是1982年建的。
5．表示双部分工具的名称,衣服名称等作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes. 如果这些词由 pair, piece, kind + of 修饰,则用单数形式.
例如：
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
A pair of shoes is lying here.
一双鞋放在那里。
These kinds of glasses are popular. (kinds为复数时，谓语动词用复数)
这几种玻璃很流行。
6．动名词, 不定式, 从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数。
例如：
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Reading is a good way to become educated. 读书是变得有教养的一种好方法。
When he will come is not known. 他会什么时候来还不知道。
7．集体名词, 如: people, police, cattle, youth 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：
The police like to help people.警察乐于助人。
The youth of our country are happier than the other people.
我们国家的年轻人比别的国家的更幸福。
8．集体名词, 如: family, crowd, class等, 如把它们当作整体看,谓语动词用单数; 如把它们当作若干个体来看,用复数。
例如：
Our family is very happy. 我们的家庭很幸福。
My family are all football fans. 我的家人都是足球迷。
9．表示距离, 时间, 长度,价值, 金额, 重量等的词,用复数形式时,谓语动词用单数；如果要表示具体的多少，强调复数的意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：
Two thousands dollars is a large sum. 两千美圆是一大笔钱。
Two hours is enough. 两个小时就足够了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.
获胜者三个小时就走完了这五十英里。
10．more than one+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数; more than two, three ...+名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：
More than one boy has been there. 不止一个孩子去过那里。
More than two boys have been there. 不止两个孩子去过那里。
11．英语中，“the + 形容词”可以相当于名词使用。这个结构指人时谓语动词用复数, 指物时谓语动词用单数。
例如：
The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. (同意...反对)
有钱人支持这个决定但是穷人反对它。
The green is hers. 这件绿色的东西是她的。
12．关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致。
例如：
I, who am only a common worker, will retire in two years.
只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 倒装结构。
[考例1] I failed in the final examination last term and only then _________ the importance of studies.
A．I realized B．I had realized C．had I realized D．did I realize
[解析] Ｄ “only+状语”放在句首时，主句部分就要倒装，把助动词、情态动词或者be动词提前。因为这个句子是一般过去时，所以在主句前加上did，谓语动词要还原成原形。
[拓展] 这种倒装句要特别注意助动词提前以后，后面的动词要用原形，而被加上的助动词要体现句子的时态。例如：
Only in this way can we do the work well. (只有用这种方法，我们才能把工作做好。)
Only after they came did we returned home. (只是等他们来到以后我们才回家。)
[考点] 考查it的用法-强调结构。
[考例2] Could it be in the room _______ we had a talk last night _______ you left your keys?
A．in which, when B．which, when C．where, that D．where, when
[解析] Ｃ 这是强调句的一般疑问句形式。被强调的部分为“in the room where we had a talk last night”，其中where引导一个定语从句修饰room。
[考点] 考查主谓一致。
[考例3] Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A．is used B．are used C．has been used D．have been used
[解析] Ａ 第二个句子的时态可以判断出第一句应该用一般现在时。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．We all a_________ her for the way she saved the drowning boy.
2．The young heiress（继承人） was so g_______ that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.
3．Some of my r__________, my mother's aunt and uncle, live in America.
4．It's not s________ the company's in debt - it's been completely mismanaged(错误经营).
5．The table had a shiny s________ , but underneath it was dull and rough.
6．He lives at the _________(极端) edge of the forest.
7．That small country is a ___________(多山的) country.
8．At the _________ （底部）of the stairs there is some rubbish.
9．At the __________(毕业) ceremony, the headmaster handed him the certificate.
10． __________(农业) plays an extremely important part in a country’s economy.
二、单项填空：
1．Each soldier and each sailor ______ a rifle.
A．are given B．was given C．being given D．were given
2．I don’t skate now, but I _______ when I was a child.
A．used to B．am used to it C．used D．used to do
3．Who is it up ________ the first company ________ is run by the state?
A．to take charge of, which B．to to take charge of, that
C．for to take charge of, that D．to to take charge of, which
4．People in the western countries make ______ a rule to buy Christmas present for their relatives and friends.
A．that B．it C．this D．as
5．The Foreign Minister said,”______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A．This is B．There is C．That is D．It is
6．It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.
A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
7．A lot of children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the _______ countryside.
A．surrounded B．surrounding C．surroundings D．surround
8．Is it less than a single day ________ the girl ________ father is a barber to change her hair from black to white?
A．when, whose B．when, that
C．that it takes, that D．that it takes, whose
9．What the boss said at the meeting _______ the urgentest problems in our company at the moment.
A．referred to B．referred to… as
C．referred to …for D．referred back to
10．The manager _______ many foreign people when he was abroad.
A．keep into contacts with B．came into contact with
C．make contacts with D．keep in contacts with
【能力拓展】
阅读理解：
You might not want a holiday in your home town, but there is probably someone who does. And in exchange, you could have a cheap vacation anywhere in the world.
Just picture the scene: you’re watching the sunset from the balcony（阳台）of a Caribbean island house. It’s large and free, as long as you don’t mind the owners living in your home at the same time.
All you need to be a home-swapper is the Internet and a rough idea of when and where you want to go on holiday. When you find someone whose dates match yours , and who wants to visit your area, you’re all set swap（v.交换）.
The advantages are numerous; you can save a fortune in accommodation（膳宿）costs. You could get to use the owner’s car, boat, bikes, pool or gym. You might even be able to come to an arrangement about looking about after each other’s pets!
You also get to live like a local, and you might be invited round to neighbor’s homes for tea, barbecues（吃烤肉的野餐）and tips on the area. People say that these cultural experiences are the memories that last. Plus, instead of one tiny hotel room, you have an entire house where you can make yourself at home. And it’s not cold and impersonal like a hotel room.
Of course, there are disadvantages. A lot of effort and communication are needed before the arrangements are finalized（）. Nobody wants a stranger living in their house, sleeping in their bed and using their bathroom, so you have to get to know each other well beforehand（预先）.
Some people are concerned about theft or property damage, but in reality, this is very rare. Most home-exchangers have the view that “If they can trust me with their house, I can trust them with mine.”The worst complaint people have is the difference in standards of cleanliness.
If you’re interested in home-exchange for your next holiday, start by contacting a famous agency like homelink.org and intervac.co.uk. These agencies will also have advice about preparing for a home-exchange.
1．What will you remember most probably if you have swapped your home with another?
A．The sunset B．The car or boat of the home owner.
C．The pet of the home owner D．A gathering in his neighborhood.
2．The underlined word “tips” refers to _______.
A．the pointed ends of something B．gifts of money given for small service
C．helpful pieces of advice D．places where unwanted waste is left
3．If you want to exchange your home with another, you should do all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A．inviting your neighbors home for tea B．trying to know each other
C．surfing the Internet for information D．finding someone who wants visit your area
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Where to Live When You Are on a Trip?
B．Home Away from Home.
C．Do You Want a Holiday in Your Hometown?
D．Advantages and Disadvantages of Home-exchange.
参考答案
高一部分
Units 17-18 (B1)
基础演练
一、1. admired 2. generous 3. relations 4. surprising 5. surface 6. extreme 7. mountainous 8. bottom 9. graduation 10. Agriculture
二、1-４ BABBD 6-10 DBDAB
能力拓展
1-４ DCAB
1．D 细节题。第五段“People say that these cultural experiences are the memories that last.”一句中that last是the memories的定语从句，句意为：人们说这些文化经历是延续长久的记忆。
2．C 词义理解题。在四个选项都是tip的意义，但从上下文可知，此处tips指的是“在陌生的邻里之间得到的东西”，而其后的on the area意为“关于这个地区”，所以选C,即邻里会告诉你一些在这个地区旅游的建议。
3．A 综合推断题。A项与第五段句首“…and you might be invited round to neighbor’s homes for tea”有出入，而其它选项文中都有依据。
4．B 主旨大意题。首段的“exchange”，文中的“home-swapper”、“swap”，以及最后两段的“home-exchangers”、“home-exchange”等说明互换住房是文章介绍的内容，所以应选B项，该句意为“离家后的住房“。