一．客观信息题
客观信息题旨在考查对文章提供的“表层信息”，即事实部分的摄取。通常包括以下三类：
（一）事实细节判断
1． 解题指导 事实细节判断题的命题特点是：所提问题一般可直接从文章中或间接找到答案。
故解题原则是：忠实于原文，决不要主观臆断。其干扰项的特点是：偷梁换柱，即偷换概念，将正确的时间、地点、数量等作一些变化，从而对正确选项进行干扰。细节与中心内容的关系是辩证的，只有抓住中心才能正确理解有关细节。同时文章事实细节不是孤立的，所以要注意上下文及全篇的逻辑联系，才能做出准确判断。弄懂文章的组织结构对迅速捕捉所需信息也很重要。
2．实例练与析
China sees the key to its future success in its west.
“The population is large, the land is cheap, and the natural resources are plentiful,” said Zeng Peiyan, China’s economic planning minister.
The blueprint calls for vast investment（投资）in government spending on basic infrastructure （基础设施）and on luring foreign and domestic investment westward. Yet it raises questions about how China can attract investors to a landlocked region that does not have good roads and railways. The area also lacks modern technology and skilled, educated workers.
The government, however, says the west’s abundant (丰富的) natural resources can make it a good investment.
The western development strategy is a top agenda item at the 11-day annual meeting of the National People’s Congress that began on March 5.
Delegates have demanded new policies to encourage investment. These include preferential tax laws, low-interest, long-term loans, special economic zones and more support for education.
The west account for about two-thirds of China’s land and almost one-fourth of its people.
Aided by the central government’s policy of situating (安排) important industries inland for defensive purposes, the region relatively grew quickly for the first three decades of new China.
But since China began dismantling its planned economy 20 years ago, rural incomes have lagged.
Nine out of ten of China’s poorest 80 million people live in the west where illiteracy (文盲) is
common. Excessive logging (过分砍伐) and intensive (集约) farming have wreaked environmental havoc(大破坏) in the region.
The government’s outline for western development calls for establishing more high value-added industries there. Provinces that depended mainly on farming, mining, tobacco and metallurgy would develop food processing industries, tourism, electronic, and natural gas production.
1. Which of the following is the most important factor that attracts foreign and domestic investors?
A. The west has abundant natural resources. B. It has a large population.
C. It has better basic infrastructure. D. It has plentiful resource of talents.
2. According to the passage, which of the statements is True?
A. The central government has always situated important industries in the coastal areas.
B. The western provinces should mainly develop farming, mining, tobacco and metallurgy.
C. Delegates suggested the government spend more on education to support the western development.
D. Farming is one of the factors that cause the environmental havoc
答案与简析：这是一段有关西部开发的文章。从宏观的角度谈了西部地区开发的优、劣势。涉及的细节性问题很多，所以准确的判断细节，是阅读词类文章的应必备的技能。 1. A。见第四段。其余三项中，B不是主要因素，C和D正是西部缺乏的。2. C。答案根据第六段得出。五、六十年代，很多重工业都在西部，故A不对；西部应主要从事食品加工、旅游、电子工业、天然气等（最后一段），所以B亦错；使环境遭到严重破坏的是过分砍伐和集约型农业生产，而并非一般农业生产，故D不对。
（二）数据推算题
1．解题指导 数据推算类题一般说来不是很难，解题时必须注意的是，不要单纯从某个数据或现象出发，简单得出结论；而应对相关内容进行逻辑分析，同时要具有并利用相关的常识和生活经验，进行周密分析。例如本文第1题有的考生很容易漏掉商店老板。又如第2题，若不把Mukerji被骗的情况与泰国每年从旅游者那里骗得的钱结合起来，就无法得出正确答案。
2．实例练与析
Sandeep Mukerji was on his first visit to Thailand but would leave the “Land of Smiles” with a frown（皱眉头）and an empty pocket.
A stone’s throw from the Grand Palace in Bangkok, the 26-year-old Canadian ran into a monk in a robe（穿长袍的和尚）. The monk told him that the attraction he was hoping to visit had been closed.
The monk then introduced Mukerji to a jewellery store instead. On the way there, three different people told him that it was the last day of a once-a-year, tax-free jewellery promotion to encourage tourism.
They said that tourists can make a lot of money by buying gems（宝石）in Thailand and selling them once at home.
Two hours later, Mukerji had spent US$1, 250 on a set of almost worthless jewellery.
“The whole process took me by surprise. They take advantage of your greed,” he said.
In fact, Mukerji is just one of a huge number of tourists who are cheated by the promise of making a fortune. The scam（诡计）brings Thailand more than US$10 million each year.
Although tourist police stations have displayed posters to warn of the scam, many fresh-faced tourists still fall prey to the trick.
The police say they receive five to 10 complaints a day. Many more may not realize they have been cheated until they go back home.
Thai authorities say that the jewellery scam is harmful to Thailand’s image（形象）, but getting rid of the cheats is hard.
Sanit Miphan, head of the police, said the scam has been running for about 15 years but not one jewellery shop owner has been arrested.
The shops usually open for two weeks and then close. They reopen and register（注册）under a new name. What’s more, overcharging（要价过高）itself is not breaking the law.
Yet, to keep its tourism business alive, the police said they would take action against any shop receiving more than 10 complaints.
1. How many people at least together cheated Sandeep Mukerji?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
2. Suppose everyone who was cheated lost as much as did, how many visitors to Bangkok would be cheated each year? Mukerji
A. About 6,000. B. About 8,000. C. About 10,000. D. More than 10,000.
答案与简析： 1. D。骗子包括：和尚、路途中遇到的三人以及商店老板。 2. B。Mukerji被骗了1,250美元；泰国每年从旅游者那里骗得的钱共为大约一千万美元。一千万除以一千二百五十，得数刚好为8,000。
（三）识图题
1．解题指导 做图形题类题关键在于识图；同时也要紧扣文章主题，将两者结合起来，才能得出正确答案。
2．实例练与析
A
Long ago, there lived in Greece a learned man. He was so well-known for his knowledge of almost everything that lots of people from all over the country came to learn things from him. The great man taught his students whole-heartedly and answered their questions with great patience.
One day a student asked him, “My dear teacher, didn’t you say you yourself have many more questions about things than we do? On the contrary（相反）, we students have far more than you.”
With a smile, the teacher drew two circles - one as large as a big wheel, the other smaller. “Of course, I’ve learned much more. But a teacher does not necessarily have fewer questions than his students. Now, look at these two circles. Within the big one is my knowledge of things, and within the smaller one yours. Out the circles is what is still unknown to us. Since mine is larger, the line that marks out the circle is longer. That means I have more chances to face what is still unknown. And that’s why I myself have more questions than you do. The more you learn, the more questions you have will never lean enough, you know.”
1. Which of the following pictures tells right what the teacher drew?
A. B. C. D.
2. The passage mainly tells us that ____.
A. we should learn from a learned man B. we’ll never learn enough
C. a teacher should be patient D. it is never too old to learn
答案与简析： 1. A。见第3段。先生画了两个圆圈来说明知识越多问题越多的道理。两园只是用来进行比较，而无包容或相交的关系；因此两个圆应该是相离的。 2. B。常人认为：只有知识浅薄的人才有很多问题，才需要学习；而先生的一番讲解，却道出了学无止境的道理。此乃本文主题。
B
Infrared (红外线) solar energy can be collected and used to power a number of devices. A device that gathers solar energy into a small area is called a solar-energy collector. It is based on the fact that some materials take in heat very well.
Flat-plate collectors are usually used to heat homes in places where the sun shines most of the year. They are built onto the roofs of houses.
In a common type of flat-plate collector, a metal sheet is painted black and placed on the side of the house that faces the sun. Under the metal sheet are pipes that carry water. A sheet of glass is placed about one inch above the metal plate, and the air space in between stops heat from getting away when the metal plate becomes hot.
When the collector becomes hot enough to heat the water in the pipes, the thermostat (恒温器) starts a pump. The pump moves water from a storage tank to the collector, where the water is heated. The hot water then moves back to the storage tank, where it can be piped to a radiator（散热器）to heat the house.
Look at the above picture and decide the correct order of how the flat-plate collector works.
a. Cold water moves to the storage tank.
b. Cold water is heated by the sunlight.
c. Cold water is sent from the storage tank to the collector.
d. Hot water is sent to a radiator to heat the house.
e. Hot water moves back to the storage tank.
A. c,a,b,e,d B. a,c,b,d,e C. a,c,b,e,d D. c,b,a,e,d
答案与简析：答案是C。作此类识图题时，最好实先将整个事件或过程序列中的首相和末项找出来；有首、尾项相同的选项时，再看第二项，以此类推，便可较快找出正确答案。该图是一个太阳能加热器的示意图；要加热水，首先当然得加入冷水，所以a应为第一程序；而当加热后的水通过管道进入储存箱后，最后一道程序必然就是将热气送到散热器，对房屋进行加热，所以最后一项应为d，倒数第2项为e。图不离文，文、图相联系，这是解这类题的必由之路。
二．主观判断题
主观判断题考查对文章的深层理解，包括对文章大意的归纳概括、推断作者意图或态度、推断情节或下文的发展、理解文章内涵的隐义或寓意、以及根据语境猜词悟义等。主要有以下四类：
（一）推断题
1．解题指导 做推断题时，最忌讳的是主观臆断、以偏概全。不能只注意表象，而要究其本质，要从文章本身的内容出发，认真分析字、词、句及段落间的逻辑关系；尤其要善于抓主题句，这要才能正确地解答阅读理解题。推断题一般包括两大类：（1）暗指题，即作者的言外之意，一般只能从字里行间获得信息；（2）推理题，必须从文段出发，以事实为依据，但得出的结果又绝对不是文章中给出的事实本身。
2．实例练与析
Hans Blix, a 74-year-old Swede, may be the man whose word could trigger（激发起）war in Iraq.
As the chief United Nations weapons inspector（核查者）, Blix will have to judge whether Iraq meets UN Security Council demands on disclosing its weapons of mass destruction. His report on Iraq could stand between war and peace.
Tough and calm, Blix loves rules and walks a fine line between Washington’s drumbeat of war and the natural UN inclination（倾向）against it. “I think that, if the Iraqis help and cooperate to create confidence, there remain no weapons of mass destruction, then I think there will be no war,” Blix told reporters on arrival in Moscow.
At the same time, Blix strives（tries his best）for neutrality（中立）and has frowned（dissatisfied）on US proposals that it names inspectors for his teams or send troops to open roads for them.
A lawyer with two doctoral degrees, Blix studied at Columbia and Cambridge universities and taught international law at Stockholm University. He became Sweden’s foreign minister for three years in 1978.
His retirement, in 1997, did not last long. Blix and his wife were on a cruise（巡航）ship for Antarctica in January 2000 when UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan called. Members of the Security Council wanted him to lead the UN Monitoring, Inspection and Verification（检验）Commission - responsible for Iraq’s ballistic（弹道的）, chemical and biological weapons. He took up the post in March 2000.
1. It is inferred that ____.
A. Hans Blix will cause a war between the US and Iraq
B. Hans Blix is sure to find out quantities of mass destruction weapons in Iraq.
C. Hans Blix might cover the fact of the inspection result to void a war.
D. Hans Blix is likely to make the US disappointed.
2. Which’s probably the title of the passage?
A. A powerful UN inspector B. Can a war break out between Iraq and the US?
C. Just a word could trigger an Iraq war D. UN Weapons Inspection in Iraq continues
答案与简析：1、从第三段可知，布里克斯在伊拉克核查问题上奉行的是不偏不倚的中间道路；而第四段又告诉我们，美国希望他能与之合作，为他向伊开战铺平道路。由此可知，布里克斯会使美国失望。2、布里克斯是核查小组负责人，结果如何，联合国及整个国际社会都将听他一句话。只要查出问提，美就有依据对伊动武。所以他的一句话就可能导致对伊战争。这是主题。答案：DC。
（二）主旨大意题
1．解题指导：主旨大意题的目的是考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，即分析、归纳文章大意、重要情节人物特征等的能力。做主旨大意题，主要包括：如何确定目标、如何识别文章结构句的功能（如主题句、主题支撑句、调节句、终结句等）、如何寻找文章或段落的主题句等。一般说来，文章的主题句多置于句首或句末。所以抓主题句是解题的关键。
2．实例练与析
The real problem with pollution is people - especially the way people think about their environment. We’re all unwilling to accept the fact that our natural resources have been fixed, in fact, since the earth was born. We want to go on using raw materials. We aren’t taught to reuse resources, or even place a value on “waste” products. We’re a society in danger. At present, we Americans are fearful of losing the use of our water and air to pollution. Anyway, it’s probably a good thing that we are so concerned because now we’ll begin to change our thinking to the values of natural resources and reuse. We once thought of water and air as free. They’re not, not any more than the land is free. People haven’t wanted to be educated on the part they must play in solving our environmental problems.
1. The passage is basically concerned with ____.
A. environmental problems B. the answer to environmental problems
C. people’s attitudes towards their environment D. a society in danger
2. From the statement “We’re a society in danger”, we can conclude that ____.
A. Americans are sad about their society B. American is a warlike nation
C. serious pollution really exists here D. Americans must be made to take actions
答案与简析： 1题答案是C。文章的第一句话告诉我们：The real problem with pollution is people - especially the way people think about their environment.” 所以推出“人们对待污染问题的态度”是文章讨论的主题。其他三个选项的内容虽然文中也提到了，但纵观全文，得不出这些结论。
2题答案是C。文章的作者在列举了人们浪费自然资源、漠视环境污染的情况后指出：“我们的社会现处于危险之中”，是告诉人们严重的环境污染就在我们身边，应该端正对它的态度，采取切实措施保护环境。其他三项仅是某种程度上的推断和引申，不是最直接的结论。
（三）推断作者观点、态度类题
1．解题指导：理解作者意图，是属于深层次理解题。要求读者能根据全文内容，尤其是根据文章的基调领悟作者意图、情感、弦外之音的能力。同时读者还需要具备领悟幽默、夸张、嘲讽等风格的能力，以及理解比喻、象征等修辞手段。总之，这些都离不开对文章中心思想的把握，以及透过现象看本质的能力。
Newspapers do not always report the acts fairly. For example, a newspaper in a southern state may devote very little place to an item on local racial injustice（偏见）. On the other hand, a newspaper from the Northeast might give wide coverage to race problems in other parts of the nation and fail to repot on local troubles. In this way readers can be misled. They may be fooled into believing that prejudice is a regional problem and fail to realize that racialism knows no boundaries.
1. The fault news reporting described in the paragraph is ____.
A. the exception to general practice B. a threat to freedom of the press
C. an insult（侮辱）to journalism D. a dangerous and widespread abuse（滥用）
2. In the opinion of the author, the reporting policies of newspapers ____.
A. reflect the needs of the community B. should support the news of local readers
C. should be under the control of taxpayers D. can be made to serve private interests
答案与简析：这是一篇关于美国南、北各州的一些报纸，为了本地的利益，作不公正报道的文章。第一句即为作者的观点：报纸并非总是公正地报道事实。即有些报纸的报道是片面的。但只是没有全面报道本地的不良现象，而并没说所有报道都是不真实的，也就是说，这些都是个别现象。故知1题答案为A；同时可由此推知：某些报纸不同程度地被私人利用了，所以2题答案应为D。若不重视对主题句的理解，对文章不作全面分析，势必会根据一两个事实或现象，做出大多数报纸甚至整个报界都不可信的结论，从而在1题中误选A、B或C。因此做此类题时，一是要学会抓主题句，二是养成全面理解和分析文章的好习惯，切忌主观臆断，否则对2题会误选A、B或C。答案：AD。
（四）猜测词义类题
1．解题指导：猜测词义通常有两大类方法：
（一） 根据上下文猜测词义。其方法又包括下列五种：
1) 根据定义或解释说明来猜测词义。如A passenger is a person who travels by plane or…
2）用对比关系猜测生词的词义。例如：School children learn at an early age that solids expand when they are heated and contract when cooled, like wooden doors that are more difficult to open in the summer heat. 根据前文“热胀”和常识可知，后面指的是“冷缩”，由此得知：contract在这儿表“收缩”。
3）通过因果关系猜测词义。例如根据“The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.”可知，turbid意为“混浊”。
4）根据生活常识和经验猜测词义。
5）根据等同关系（指同一范畴的词类关系，并且常有连词and, or, but等连接）猜测词义。
（二） 根据构词法信息猜测词义。例如我们知道en-是动词前缀，意思是“使……”，则不
难推断出endangered animals指的是“濒危动物”，即endangered的基本含义是“使处于危险的”。
2．实例练与析
Bill Gates was born on October 28,1955 to a wealthy Seattle family.
He was a naughty but gifted child. At 13,he began programming in the BASIC language. By the time he was 17, Gates had sold his first program-a school scheduling system. The deal brought him US$4,200.
Gates and Harvard classmate Paul Allen established Microsoft in 1975. Gates was convinced software would be more important than hardware.
Microsoft's big break came in 1980.That year, Gates and his casually（随便）dressed young colleagues signed an agreement to provide operating system MS-dos for International Business Machine new personal computer.
The executives (管理者) at IBM never knew what hit them.
In March 1986,Microsoft stock went public in one of the most celebrated（驰名的）offerings of its time. By the next year, the company's soaring（高涨的）stock price had made Gates the youngest self-made billionaire at age 31.
Microsoft lagged behind Netscape in developing a commercial Internet browser. But it later gained the upper hand in the browser market after a battle that some of its competitors said demonstrated（声称）that it was a monopoly (垄断).
1. The expression “gained the upper hand” in the last paragraph means ____.
A. gained the boss’ support B. shook hands and made up
C. got good assistants D. had the advantage
2. The best title for this passage should be ____.
A. Bill Gates- the biggest winner B. A genius in the PC age
C. How Bill Gates established Microsoft？ D. A gifted child
答案与分析： 1. D。从最后一段可知，Microsoft在开发一种浏览器时，最先落后于Netscape。紧接着一句but开头，表示情况的转变，由此可推知，gained the upper hand的含义是“占优势；占上风”。2. B。整段讲的都是Bill Gates如何开发新产品，如何在市场上频频得手，表现了他非凡的才能。只有A能最恰当地表达文意。Genius意为“天才”。
（作者电话：023-65432357）