非谓语动词讲解及练习:分词(The participle)

发布时间:2016-9-16 编辑:互联网 手机版

分词有现在分词(the Present Participle)和过去分词(the Past Participle),在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。

一、分词的形式

1.现在分词

现在分词 Vt. (write) Vi. (go)

主动语态 被动语态 主动语态

一般式

完成式

Eg.) He hurried home, ______ (look) behind at times.

_______ (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

_______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting.

________ (never operate) a computer, he met with a lot of difficulties.

2.过去分词---一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式, 即:动词的过去分词

3.否定形式---not +分词

二、分词的句法功能:

1. 作表语:

现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的意思, 主语多数情况是sth.

过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数情况是sb.

exciting, excited

annoying, annoyed

amazing, amazed

amusing, amused

astonishing, astonished

boring, bored

confusing, confused

disappointing, disappointed

encouraging, encouraged

embarrassing, embarrassed

frightening, frightened;

inspiring, inspired

eg.) 1.The result was _______ (surprising, surprised)

They were _______ (surprising, surprised) at the news.

2.作定语: (单词前置, 分词短语后置;修饰代词时后置)

A. 现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

boiling water, boiled water;

developing country, developed country;

falling leaves, fallen leaves

rising sun, risen sun, etc.

B. 表示情感心理的Vt的分词可修饰名词,作前置定语。

Eg.) He told us the ________ (exciting, excited) news.

The _______ (exciting, excited) pupils jumped with joy.

注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。

Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.

The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.

C.作定语时的位置

单个分词前置, 分词短语后置, 修饰代词时后置---单个分词作定语时,一般放在它所修饰的名词前; 分词短语作定语时,一般放在它所修饰的名词后; 分词在修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或those之后

①单个分词前置

a neighboring town

an unexpected guest

the exciting news

例外:These plastic bottles used can be recycled. (有时单个的分词放在分词后面,用于强调动作)

Do you know the number of books ordered?

②分词短语后置

eg.) I don’t know the doctor_____ (seat) at the back.

The goods ______ (import) from abroad yesterday remain in good condition.

③分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或those时,分词在这些词之后

eg.) Those laughing are considered impolite.

Anyone swimming will be punished.

D. 作定语时, 要注意分词所表示动作的发生时间:

① 表示正在进行的动作

eg.) Tell the children ( __ ___ )playing there not to make too much noise.

② 表示经常性动作或现在/当时的状态

eg.) I used to live in a room facing (=___ ____ ) south.

③其他情况,一般不用现在分词短语作定语,而用定语从句

eg.)The man who came this morning is our headmaster. (过去时)

The students who will attend the meeting (=___ attend the meeting) will arrive here tomorrow.

Is there anyone who can answer this question?

Those who have finished their work can go home now. (完成时)

注:现在分词完成式不能用作定语修饰名词。

Eg.) The builders having completed the hotel were given prizes. ( )

改为: The builders __ _______completed the hotel were given prizes.

区别:

the performances being put on at present

the performances put on yesterday

the performances to be put on tomorrow

E.分词和动名词修饰名词时的意义区别:

a swimming boy, a swimming pool

a walking dictionary, a walking stick

running water, running track

3.作宾语(主语)补足语:

如下V.后可跟分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, notice, observe, catch; have, get, keep, leave, etc.

Eg.)His lecture got us______ (think).

He got his bike ____ (repair) just now.

He watched the bed _____ (carry) out of the door.

He felt a great weight _____ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心头如释重负。

How would you like your hair ___ (cut)?

4.作状语:---_______________

A.作时间状语:

eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

= _______________, they couldn’t help crying.

②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.

While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer.

③_______ (finish) his work, he went home.

=_____________, he went home.

B.作原因状语:

Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad.

=____________, he could not afford to travel abroad.

________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder.

_______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.

________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away.

_____ (not know) her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost.

_________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.

=_____________.

C.方式/伴随状语;

Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh).

②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students.

D.作条件状语:

Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better.

=______________ , I would have done the job far better.

②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.

E.作结果状语:(意料中的结果)

Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves.

②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay.

区别: 不定式表示意外的结果

eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left.

F.作让步状语:

Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.

= _____________, it cleared up very soon.

②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

分词作状语时, 需注意事项:

A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ :

____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.

___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city.

B.分词短语的位置:

一般来说,时间,原因,条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾.

Eg.)Finding the door locked, Tom went home. ( _____ )

Tom went home, finding the door locked. (____)