寒假专题--主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。下面让我们看看不同类型的主谓一致。
1. 名词做主语
（1）单复数主谓一致
A) 一般词汇：有些词汇的复数形式是固定不变的，如：crossroads (十字路口；聚焦点), headquarters (总部), means (方法，手段), species (种类，品种), series (系列)等，但其动词的单复数取决于两点：
a) 取决于限定词：
例：Every means has been tried but without much result.（各种方法都试过，可没有多大效果。）
b) 取决于上下文内容、作者所要表达的意思、特指还是泛指：
例：Are/ Is there any other means of solving the problem?（还有什么其它解题的方法吗？注意：这里可以用are表示其它方法，也可以用is表示和现在所用的方法相对比的另一种方法。）
My favorite book is The Old Man and the Sea.（我喜爱的书是《老人与海》。注意：本句是特指。）
Our TV series are much better than those of Japan.（我国的电视剧比日本的好得多。注意：本句是泛指。）
c) 从句做主语
How to develop a healthy habit is a good question to discuss.
d) 学科名词一般用单数谓语动词。这样的词有：economics（经济学）, electronics（电子学）, mathematics（数学）, politics（政治学）等等。
例：Politics is a good topic for discussion.（政治是谈论的好题目。）
e)有些表示成双成对的词，常常只用复数形式，动词一律用复数，也不能用不定冠词。比如要表示“一……”，要使用量词，通常使用“a pair of”。这样的词有： eyeglasses（眼镜）, pants（裤子）, scissors（剪刀）, shoes（鞋）, shorts（短裤）, socks（短袜）, stockings（长统袜）, trousers（裤子）等。
B) 无复数形式的名词
a) 有些名词，特别是一些表示动物的名词，其单复数形式是固定不变的，但其动词的单复数取决于其限定词和上下文内容。
例：That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.（这位日本人已来过中国20次了。）
Those Japanese are visitors to our university.（那些日本人是到我们大学来参观的客人。）
b) 集合名词：大部分集合名词都可使用单数或复数动词，这主要取决于作者的强调点：强调整体时，用单数谓语；强调这个集体里的成员时，用复数谓语。这样的集合名词有：army（军队）, audience（观众、听众）, crowd（人群）, firm（公司）, government（政府）, group（组、群）, public（公众）, staff（全体工作人员）, union（联盟）等。
例：The audience was excited by the excellent show.（精彩的演出使全体观众情绪激昂。）
The public is/are requested not to leave litter in the public places.（公众不能在公共场所乱扔垃圾。）
注意：还有一些集合名词也没有复数形式，但只能做复数名词使用，谓语动词应该用复数。这样的man（人类）, police（警察）等。
c) 专有名词和不可数名词的谓语一律用单数谓语。前者指人名、地名、国家名、城市名、书名、机构名或重大事件。后者又可分为物质和抽象名词两大类。
例：The United Nations is trying to find a better way to bring the two parties together.（联合国正在寻求更有效的方法来调停双方。）
C) 另外，还有特殊复数形式的名词也需要你的特殊注意。这些词的复数形式可能并不明显，所以常导致谓语单复数错误。
特殊复数形式的名词：phenomenon - phenomena（现象）, goose - geese（鹅）, mouse - mice（老鼠）等
（2） 不定代词和带限定词的名词做主语
A) 不定代词或every加名词做主语：every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything在句中做主语，或做限定词限定一个名词时，后面的谓语一律用单数。
注意：上述词语做限定词加of时，后面的名词或代词都应该用复数，但谓语却用单数。即使有定语从句，其主句、从句谓语仍用单数。
例：Each one of us who is now living remembers the event.
B) 限定词加名词做主语：all, any, many, more, most, some的谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。
a) all, any, many, more, most, some修饰单数名词时，谓语为单数；当修饰复数名词时谓语为复数。
例：All of the world is against wars.（全世界都反对战争。）
There is some girl at the telephone who wants to speak to you.（有个女孩打电话来，找你。）
b) all, any, many, more, most, some加复数名词时，谓语用复数动词。
例：All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。）
c) all, any, many, more, most, some修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数动词。
例：If there is any trouble, please come to me.（如果有什么困难，请来找我。）
More experience is important for getting a good job.（要得到好工作，重要的是要有更多的经验。）
2. 含有of的短语和介宾短语做主语
（1）half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, … percent of, some of, five sevenths of等短语的动词单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词或代词，即：单数名词或代词要求用单数动词；复数名词或代词用复数动词，不可数名词或代词用单数动词。
例：Half of my spare time is spent on my hobby.（我一半的业余时间都花在我的爱好上了。）
（2）a number of后面要求加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。因为前者的意思是“大量、许多、若干”，等于numbers of；后者的意思是“总数、合计”，强调的是一个数字，所以应该看成单数主语。
（3）the rest（of）表示“剩余、其余”，其用法也有二：
a) of后面可接单数、复数及不可数名词，相应的谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词。
b) 如果the rest表示的是剩下的东西，则谓语动词用单数；如果表示的是其余的，特别指人时，其谓语动词应该用复数。
例：The majority of students went to the lab, the rest are staying in the classroom.（多数学生去了实验室，其余的人留在教室。）
（4） 当主语不止一个，且主语间由介词with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, not to mention, including, like, but, except等连接时，其谓语动词取决于前一个主语，即上述介词前的名词或代词。
例：Television, along with other means of communication, helps us to keep informed about contemporary affairs.
3. 连词加名词做主语
（1）not only……but also, either……or, neither……nor, or等连接多个主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于离谓语最近的那个主语。这就是我们常说的“就近原则”。
例：Not only one but also all of us were invited.（不只是一个，而是我们全体都受到邀请。）
（2）由and连接两个或多个主语时，后面一般都跟复数谓语动词，只有在下述几种情况下，才要求接单数谓语：
A) 表示“兼”时：
例：The singer and dancer attends our evening.（这位歌手兼舞蹈家参加了我们的晚会。）
注意：表示两个人时，and后面应加不定冠词、定冠词或其它限定词。
B) 固定词组a knife and fork（一副刀叉）, a cup and saucer（带茶托的茶杯）, ice-cream and cake（冰淇淋蛋糕）, iron and steel（钢铁）等，动词一律用单数。
注意：如果把and前面和后面的词作为两个不同的内涵（通常在and后面的名词或代词前加不定冠词、定冠词或其它限定词），则说明and起并联作用，谓语应该用复数。
例：There are a knife and a fork.（桌子上有一把刀子和一把叉子。）
4. 数词、量词和动名词等做主语
（1）量词做主语：凡是计量时间、距离、金钱、体积、尺寸等的度量衡做主语时，谓语动词都用单数。常见的这种词有：years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等。
例：100 years is too long.（100年太长。）
（2）数学上的加、减、乘、除的规律是：加法和乘法的谓语动词单复数皆可；而减法和除法的谓语动词一律用单数。
（3）分类词做主语：由form, kind, part, piece, type等词加of形成的短语做主语时，其谓语的单复数取决于这些词本身的单复数。
例：The newest types of computer are on show.（现在正在展出最新型的计算机。）
（4）动名词和不定式做主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。
例：Talking mends no holes.（空谈无济于事。）
To set up the tent costs us two hours each time.（每次我们支起帐篷都要花两个小时。）
5. 从句作主语
从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
一. 单选
1. Thirty pounds ________ (is / are) too much for this coat.
2. No news ________ (is / are) good news.
3. Maths ________ (is / are ) too difficult for him.
4. There __________ (is / are) a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box.
5. There __________ (is / are) some water in the glass.
6. Nothing _________ (is / are) different from what you think.
7. Mr.Brown, with her daughter _________ ( is / are) walking in the park.
8. The number of the students in their school _______ ( is / are) over four hundred.
9. Both of them _______ (is / are) students.
10. Neither of the answers _________ ( is / are) correct.
11. Each of us ________ ( has / have) an English-Chinese dictionary.
12. Neither I nor my brother _________( have / has) seen the film.
13. Not only her parents but also her grandfather __________ ( like / likes) her very much.
14. Either you or I _______ (are / am) wrong.
15. This kind of computers _________ (is/ are) made in China.
16. 99 and 2 _________ ( is / are) 101.
17. “You” ________ (is / are) a pronoun.
18. The United Nations ________(was / were) founded in 1945.
19. Both Kate and I _________ (are /am) getting ready for the picnic now.
20. Neither of them ________(is / are) on the team.
21. The whole family ________( is / are) music lovers.
22. The old ________ ( is / are ) taken good care of.
23. The Chinese ________ ( is / are) kind and friendly.
24. The Chinese people ________ (is / are) a great people.
25. Many a student _______ ( has / have ) passed the exam.
26. Two times four _______ ( is / are ) eight.
27. Doing exercises ______ (is / are) good for your health.
28. Everyone except Tom and John _______ ( was / were) there.
29. This pair of glasses ________ ( is / are) Mr. Green’s.
30. One and a half days ________( is / are) all I can spare.
31. She as well as the other students ________ ( has / have )learned how to type.
32. The singer and dancer _______ (comes / come) from Guangxi.
33. All that ________ ( glitters / glitter ) is not gold.
34. The police _______ ( is / are) searching for the murderer.
35. To be friendly to people _______ (is / are) important for us.
二. 完型
Everyone knows that smoking is no good for health, but still more and more people begin to smoke. Every year about millions of smokers die from 1 . Most of the smokers are men. But more and more 2 also begin to smoke. The number of smokers is becoming larger and larger each year. Every year the government has to spend lots of money 3 the people with illness caused by smoking, 4 it also has to pay lots of money for the great loss in the 5 caused by smoking. So the government wants people to give up smoking, but the tobacco companies want more young people, even students in middle school, to 6 because they want to make more money from tobacco sales.
Why do many smokers find it hard to give up smoking? The 7 with tobacco is that it has a drug called nicotine inside. It is the drug that gets them into the habit of smoking and makes them find it 8 to stop.
1. A. drinking B. eating C. smoking D. laughing
2. A. men B. women C. children D. people
3. A. finding B. following C. making D. looking after
4. A. but B. so C. and D. or
5. A. fire B. water C. building D. sickness
6. A. stop smoking B. start smoking C. go on smoking D. make more tobacco
7. A. question B. result C. problem D. answer
8. A. difficult B. easy C. expensive D. impossible
三. 阅读理解
DIY is very popular in China now. Do you know what it is?
Yang Chen works for a computer business in Beijing. Though he enjoys his work, it is hard for him to relax after work.
“For a long time, I had no choice except going to a bar for a drink and karaoke to relax myself,” he said.
One day when he saw many toy dogs in a toy shop, he had an idea. “Why not do some kind of things and relax myself?” Then he began to make model planes, model ships and something else. The things he has made by himself don’t look as professionally made as those in the shops, but he likes doing it.
“It’s not as much fun to play with things which are bought expensively from the shops,” he said.
Now his bookshelves are full of many kinds of things he has made. They are very beautiful and his families and friends like them very much.
More and more young people are like Yang, making or creating things on their own. They like to do it themselves.
Though making things with our own hands may take much time, some people, now known as DIYers-do-it-yourselfers, enjoy doing it very much. They can make all kinds of things they like.
DIY is becoming more and more popular in China. It may be to the young, yet many people remember when it was once a way of life.
During 1960s and 1970s, when there were not enough living things for people to live on, they had to use their own hands to do many things. Whitewashing the wall or making clothes was a part of life because there was no other choice. If you wanted something done, you had to do it yourself; and if you needed something, you made it yourself.
But times have changed and DIY has also different meaning now.
( ) 1. What does Yang Chen enjoy doing most in his free time now?
A. Playing computer games.
B. Going to a bar for a drink and karaoke.
C. Whitewashing the wall.
D. Making something by himself.
( ) 2. Many young people like making things by themselves because _______.
A. they want to make more money
B. they do it for fun
C. they need them in their life
D. they can’t buy them anywhere
( ) 3. From the passage we know________
A. some people like to spend their spare time making this themselves.
B. more and more people are beginning to make model planes.
C. between 1960s and 1970s, people liked making things themselves.
D. more and more young people begin to do like Yang Chen.
( ) 4. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. The things Yang made don’t look as professionally made as those in the shops.
B. Planes bought from the shops are too expensive.
C. DIY is a good way of life.
D. DIY was a part of life in the past.
【试题答案】
一、1. is 2. is 3. is 4. is 5. is 6. is 7. is 8. is 9. are 10. is 11. has 12. has
13. likes 14. am 15. are 16. is 17. is 18. was 19. are 20. is 21. are 22. are
23. are 24. is 25. have 26. is / are 27. is 28. was 29. are 30. is 31. has
32. comes 33. glitters 34. are 35. is
二、C B D C A B C A
三、D B A C