中考英语知识梳理:宾语从句

发布时间:2016-2-16 编辑:互联网 手机版

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难,只要你能过好下面的三道关:

第一关,选好连接词(也有人叫关联词)。

引导宾语从句的连接词,课本上写有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。

1.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:

1)He knew(that)he should work hard.

2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.

2.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if。例如:

3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?(注:2002上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句,都为2002年中考题,只写某地。)

4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如:

5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成if,因为if不能与or连用。)

3.连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:

6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武汉市)(which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”。)

7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)

4.连接副词when,where, why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:

8)I wonder where he got so much money.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里;什么地方”。)

9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)(how引导宾语从句,作程度状语,修饰old,意为“怎样;如何”等意。)

第二关,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。这里特别强调的是,它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如:

10)You must remember what your teacher said.(河南省)

11)-Dad,do you know when the football game will start?

-In half an hour.(宁波市)

12)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去看望谁?

误:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?

正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?

错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构--主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句,如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris?就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了,我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris?”了。

第三关,注意时态的呼应。

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如:

13)汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。

误:I thought(that)you are free today.

正:I thought(that)you would be free today.

错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today,但因为主句谓语是thought,所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。

这种时态的呼应,如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制,如上述例句2),3),7),8),10),11),12)。如果主句时态是过去时,宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时(即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)。例如:

14)He thought he was working for the people.

15)I heard she had been to the Great W all.

16)John hoped that he would find a job soon.

但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等,则不变化:

17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.

核心知识

巩固与检测请做下列2002年中考题:

1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(北京市东城区)

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.if

2.-I don't know _____ Mr.Green will come to see us.

-He will help us with our English.(杭州市)

A.why

B.when

C.how

D.where

3.-We never know _____ the old m an is.

-They say he is a teacher.(鄂州市)

A.what

B.who

C.which

D.where

4.I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.(重庆市)

A.that how

B.how that

C.when that

D.that when

5.-Do you know _____ ?I'm going to see him.

-Sorry,I don't know.(北京市海淀区)

A.where does Mr.Li live

B.where did Mr.Li live

C.where Mr.Li lives

D.where Mr.Li lived

6.-W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?

-Sorry,I have no idea.(南京市)

A./;bought

B.has;bought

C.did;buy

D.does;buy

7.I don't feel very well.Mum asked me _____ this morning.(重庆市)

A.what the matter is

B.what is wrong

C.what the matter was

D.what wrong was

8.-Where is Jack?

-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but I'm not sure _____ .(南昌市)

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.there

典型例题

Key:

宾语从句与中考试题 1-4 D A A D 5-8 C A C C