高二英语
【例1】If you fail in the examination, never________.
A．lose your heart B．lose a heart
C．lose the heart D．lose heart
【答案】 D
【解析】学生容易给出的答案是A。这是受从句主语的影响。其实知识点必须建立在lose heart的本意上。Lose heart意思为“气馁”，不应在其前加冠词，也不必随主语在其前加上相应的形容词性的主代词。而答案中的lose one’s heart则有“钟情于……，爱上……”之意，显然不符题意，故应选D。
【例2】She continued _______ her books，
A．to write B．writing C．write D．A or B
【答案】D
【解析】此题考虑continue的用法，有些学生只知道A“continue to do”正确，不知道“continue doing”也可以，故选D。
【说明】除continue以外，intend、afford等词与不定式和动名词连用都是可以的。
【例3】He joined the Party in _______1940s when he was in _______twenties.
A．the ; the B．the ; his C．/; the D．/; his
【答案】B
【解析】大多数学生由于不细心，很容易把题中1940s误作1940，肉而导致第一个空不选，并进而得出答案D，造成的失误。表示年代后加s或’s，意为几十年代，前边必须有定冠词the.该题中还有一个小知识点，即在某人几十风时（二十、五十等），整十的数词要变成复数，如twenties, thirties。
【例4】The teacher sat at the desk _______.
A．think about something B．and thought something
C．thinking about something D．thought something
【答案】C
【例4】此题有的学生选A，这是错误的。并列句应用and连接，并将think改成thought才行，也就是and thought about/of。如果选B，则think为不及动动词，须改为and thought of/about 才可以。C是现在分词短语作sat at the desk 的状语。
【例5】________I know, he will be away for a week.
A．As long as B．So far C．So far as D．As soon as
【答案】C
【解析】 这个题首先要弄清各个答案的含义及其在句子的功能；as long as“跟……一样长”;so far“到现在为止”，不能引导从句。so far as “据……，就……”之意，后跟一个表示程度的状语从句，这时候as far as = as far as. as soon as“一……就……”引导时间状语从句。这样A、D意义上不符，B结构上不对，故应选C。其形式so far I know/as far as I can see就我所知（依我之见）之意。
【例6】Each year, millions of smokers die ______ smoking.
A．form B．by C．off D．for
【答案】A
【解析】其中先不能选的答案是off，不和die构成动词短语，而for和die搭配，不表原因而表目的；by和die搭配则指因暴力、凶器而死，而die from后接衰弱、不卫生、不注意、负伤等。
【答案】A
【解析】此题学生易答C leave表状态时不与不式连用，此题考查remain的用法。Remain=stay例如 I will remain to watch the match.
remain+adj. He remains careful and modest.
remain+p.p The situation remained unchanged
remain+to do (to be done) A lot of things remain to be done to stop pollution.
remain+n. He remains a businessman.
【例7】“Not all the people smoke” means;
A．Some people don’t smoke. B．All the people don’t smoke
C．A and B D．All the people smoke.
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查部分否定not all、all …not、some… not、every…not、both…not等等。部分学生只选A或B，all…not也是部分否定，A and B正确。
【例8】All _____they need is something ________them feel better at that moment.
A．that, to make B．which, no make
C．which, to made D．that, make
【答案】A
【解析】 此题的关键要弄清句子的结构，前一部分是定语从句修饰all不定代词，此时关系代词只能用that.
后一部分不定式作定语，后置定语修饰不定代词something,故选A。
【例9】误： It is a pleasure meet your.
正：It is pleasure to meet you.
不定式作真正的主语
另还可接that从句（主语从句），如：It is a pleasure that you are here.
但有时用this, that代替it，这时应是同位语从句，不是主语从句。
如：This is a pleasure that the girl could speak English.
另：It’s a pleasure. I will see you the next day.
有时谓语可用过去式was.如：
-Thank you for helping me.
-It was a pleasure.
口语中常用物主代词替换不定代词，并省略“It is/was”。如：
-Thanks for your help.
-My pleasure.
另：With pleasure。常用于回答Could you/Would you …？如：
-Could you post the important package for me？
-With pleasure.
此外用法中，pleasure前无冠词或物主代词。
【例10】The day they looked forward to ______.
A．come B．coming C．came D．comes
【答案】C
【分析】 如果不认真分析句子，就会把looked forward to 当谓语看待，而选B。但该句中they looked forward to是定词从句，修饰先行词to day由此可见句子缺少谓语，故C项正确。
【例11】误：He shook hand with me eagerly.
正：
（1）He shook hands with me eagerly.
（2）He shook me eagerly by the hand.
（3）He shook my hand eagerly.
（4）He has a handshake with me eagerly.
【解析】shake hands with意指“握双方的手”，“和……握手”；而shake sb. By the hand 或shake sb. ‘s hand，have/has a handshake with sb.仅指对方的手。
【例12】误：“Shall I help you？”“No, you shan’t.”
正：“Shall I help you” “No, thank you.”
【解析】回答由Shall I (we)…？Would（Will）you…？Could you…？表示征求意见的问语时，不用shall，will，（would），could作答。例如：Would you go there？回答时不用：Yes, I would. 而说：Yes, I will.回答：Could you help me with the suitcase？时，不用：Yes, I could.而说：Yes, I can.等等。
【例13】误：Shanghai is larger than any other city in Africa.
正：Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.
【解析】学生在使用形容词、副词的比较级时，必须避免自身相比，有些学生一下就用than any other city。事实上，此题的考查对象只是“中国的城市与非洲的城市相比”，不属于同一范畴，不应用other来区分。
【例14】-When did the story happen？
-________.
A．Lately at night B．Later in night
C．Lately D．Later at night
【答案】D
【解析】首先要弄清lately副词，“最近”、“近来”之意，相当于recently。句子时态常用现在完成时。而later“较迟的”之意，故应在答案BD中选择。一般说at night或in the night所以答案应为D。
【例15】You should pay ______ attention to the sentence pattern.
A．especial B．special C．particular
【答案】B
【解析】学生多数选择A，这是错误的，这三个词语都有“特别”的意思，但又不同。
Particular 着重强调同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的事例。如：
It is an event of particular importance.这是一个特别重要的事。
Especial和special意思相同，着重指特殊的目的和用途。
expecial为书面语，口语中常用special，如：
Small children need special（especial）food.
especially，specially，particularly都是副词，especially常与从句连用。
specially常与不定式连用，强调“专门”、“专业”如：
The girl returned home, specially to see her sick mother.这女孩回家专程看望生病的母亲的。
The trees turn green especially when the strong wind and heavy rain is over.
【例16】It is sure that he will win the first place.
【解析】这是一个错误的句子，应改为It is certain that he win the first place.
此题要注意Sure和certain两个词的用法，两者的相同点是，否定句中两者意义相同，“确定的”、“无疑的”，例如：
（1）I am not sure/certain where I found it.
（2）Be sure of / about 与be certain of/about,都有“对……自信”、“有把握的判断。”如：
She is certain/sure of her success.
Be/sure/ certain to do sth.指说话人代表自己或者他人的推测口乞，主语不一定是人。She is sure/ certain to come.
The bird can be certain/ sure to fly.
含的certain 与sure 的句子都可转化成不同的句子。如：
He is sure to come=He will surely/certainly come.
It is certain that our group will win= Our group will certainly win.
Our group is sure/certain to win.
不同点：
（1）作定语时，表达的意义不同。
Certain“一定的”，“某种程度的”，相当于some，前加不定冠词，后接单数名词，和some差不多，但some前不加冠词。
He went to some place/ a certain place in Europe.
sure可作定语，但含有“可靠的”、“经过证实有效的”之意。
（2）作表语时，certain强调有充分证据，不容怀疑。Sure指主观上怀有愿望。
He is honest, I am certain he did not do it.
I am sure he will come this evening.
（3）be sure that从句结构中，主语保能是sb.不能是sth.。
be certain that you will yet there in time.
I am sure he will go.
I am certain he met me.
【例17】Before he died he was honored in a number of ways for his contribution to the film industry.
【解析】这是一个错误的句子，contribution须用复数，改成contributions。Contribute sb.(sth.) to sb.(sth.)
contribute to sb.(sth.)
give/make contributions to sb.(sth.)或give/make a contribution to
【例18】-Please don’t make a noise.
-_______.I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A．Yes, I won’t B．NO, I won’t
C．No, I will D．Yes, I will
【答案】B
【解析】回答祈使句时，用will 或won’t。因为反意疑问句用will you，该句可理解为Don’t make a noise, will you？A、C项是语法错误。D项跟前后文矛盾。
【例19】What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. _______must be something wrong with it.
A．It B．There C．This D．That
【答案】B
【解析】应该理解为There is something wrong with …句型，这样很容易找到正确答案。
【例20】Tom, _______sure to write to me soon.
A．is B．be C．are D．do
【答案】B
【解析】这道题应该选项前有逗号，说明Tom和后边句子并非主谓关系，应判断为祈使句“be sure to”意思是“一定要”。
【例21】Please tell me the way you thought of ______ the garden.
A．take care of B．to take care of
C．taking care of D．how to take care of
【答案】B
【解析】该题学生误解主要是依据of而确定答案的，自然而然就联想到名词或动名词。实际上“you thought to”是way的定语从句，“why”后面省略了关系词that或in which，后面应该用不定式短议事作目的的状语，因此答案应选B。
【例22】Many a student have made that mistake.（判断正误）
【答案】错误。
【解析】many 许多+名词复数，谓语动词用复数，如：
Many students have made that mistake. Many a+名词（单数）意义上等many+复数名词，但谓语动词用单数形式。
此句改为：Many a student has made that mistake.
【例23】The number of the people who _____cars______increasing.
A． owns; are B．own; is C．would be ;is D．own; are
【答案】B
【解析】 此题考查：（1）定语从句中谓语动词的数要与修饰的先行词一致，第一空和选D是错误的。
（2）主谓一致问题，不少学生见到number便认为谓语动词要用复数。要注意a number of, a great number of, a large number of 引起的句子作主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可。如：
A large number of students are form the U.S..
A large number of books is(are) lent from the library.
但the number of +名词复数作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
The number of the students in my school is 4000.
故此题答案为B。
【例24】On each side of the street _______ a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grwn
【答案】B
【解析】多数不生答A，这是错误的。此题强调on each side the street，主语a lot of trees与grow位置全部颠倒。这时尤其要注意的是，谓语动词的数要与后边的主语保持一致。故B正确。
【例25】John, together with two dogs. ________for having broken the rules.
A．was punished B．punish
C．were punished D．being punished
【答案】A
【解析】初看这题时，大多数学生选择C。但要注意英语与汉语不同。在together with，with, as well as 等连接并列主语时，谓语的动词的数要与前面主语一致，故A正确。
（1）He, as well as his parents, ________.
A．are going abroad B．is going abroad
C．are abroad D．is abroad going
（2）John, with some boys, ________.
A．leaves of Beijing B．leave of Beijing
C．leave Beijing D．is leaving to Beiing
根据上述原则，可知答案：（1）B （2）A
【例26】 He is the only one of the students who ______ criticised（批评）。
A．are B．is C．have D．has
【答案】B
【解析】大多数学生选择A，这是不对的。
注：此句定语从句，由于从句修饰的先行词前有the only，定语从句不是修饰“students”而是修饰“one”故从句谓语动词要与“one”保持一致。
【例27】Don’t’ lose _______, boys and girls. You’ll be ______ sooner or later if you work still harder.
A．hearts, unsuccessful B．your heart, succeeded
C．heart, successful D．your heart, successfully
【答案】C
【解析】 该题中的lose heart 是固定短语，不随主语给前边加形容词性物主代词，也不能变复数；同时，第二空根据意义理解应用形容词，句意须用successful，故答案应为C。
【例28】判断正误：我数学学得不好，她并不比我好。
（1）I am not good at maths and she is no better than I.
（2）I am not good at maths and see is not better than I.
【答案】（1）正确，（2）错误。
【解析】“no+比较级+than…”表示否定二者，意为“更不比……更……”；而“not+比较级+than”则是肯定一者，否定一者，意为“没有……”。
如：She is not stronger than I.她并不比我结实。
句（2）译为：我学数学不好，但我比她学得好。
（1）句意为：两个都不好。（2）句意为：我比她好。
【例29】判断正误：（1）A book is laying on the ground.
（2）A book is lying on the ground.
【答案】（1）错误，（2）正确
【解析】lie→lay→lain→lying躺、位于lay→laid→laid→laying放置、产卵
lie→lied→lied→lying说谎v.
句中lying是lie（位于）的现在分词形式，如：
Japan lies the east of Asia.
【例30】判断正误：（1）You ought to have told him about it the day before yesterday>
（2）The child ought not to have been allowed to go alone.
（3）You ought to be reading English articles now.
【答案】三个句子都是对的。
【解析】（1）句子是“ought to have+done”结构，表示“过去应该做的事而实际来做”。
（2）句是“ought not to have+done”结构，表示“本来应该做而做了”。
（3）句“ought to be+doing”（进行时结构）
三个句子意思分别为：（1）你前天就应该把这件事告诉他。
（2）本不应该让孩子一个人去的。
（3）你现在该读英语文章了。
【例31】判断正误：（1）Such persons as she is to be scolded.
（2）Such persons as she are to be scolded.
【答案】（1）句错误，（2）句正确。
【解析】因为as she 是定语从句作persons的定语，因此谓语动词的数与persons保持一致，要用复数。
【例32】判断正误：The ground was covered with falling leaves.
【答案】此句错误。
【解析】falling leaves“正在落的叶子”（表示正进行）；fallen leaves落叶（表示完成）。应用fallen leaves.
如：developing country发展中国家，developed country 发达国家
boiled water 开水，boiling water正在开的水
【例33】这楼在一次大火中毁掉了。判断正误：
（1）The building was damaged in a big fire.
（2）The building was destroyed in a big fire.
【答案】（1）句错误；（2）句正确。
【解析】damage“损坏”，指局部的损坏，经过修整后可用，而destory则表示“毁坏”，指程度较重，无法修得。damage可作不可数名词，而destroy不能用作名词。
【例34】判断正误：
（1）In all there are probably no more than a total of 400 tigers left in China.
（2）Not more than twenty girls passed.
【解析】两句都是对的，但意义不同，这里要注意区分no more than和not more than。
在数量上进行比较时，no more than=only，作“仅仅”、“只有”解，有“少”意，not more than, 作“至多，不超过”解释，说明一个事实。
从程度上比较时，no more…than…有“两者都不”之意，not more…有“不及”之意。如：
The book is no more interesting than that book.
=Neither this book nor that book is interesting.
=The book is not interesting. Nor/Neither is that one.（两者都没有趣。）
但The books is not more interesting than that one.
=That book is more interesting than this book.（这部书不及那本书有趣。）
【例35】判断正误：（1）Do me favor to put on this shirt.
（2）Do me a favor to put on this shirt.
（3）Do a favor for me to put on this shirt.
【答案】（1）句错误；（2）、（3）句正确
【解析】favor 是句词，常见的词组有：do sb. a favor to do（或do sb. the favor to do） do a favor for sb. to do.
【例36】判断正误：It doesn’t seem to fit very well.
【答案】正确
【解析】（1）to fit very well 作真正主语
（2）fit(vi.)不及物动词
（3）seem to do, to do为不定式，有如下几种结构：
seem to do
seem to be doing
seem to have+p.p
seem to have been+p.p
seem to have been+doing
seem 除了接不定式外，还有以下几种用法：
1）seem+adj.（表语）
2）it seems that+从句（主语从句）
3）it seems /looks as if it is doing to snow.
【例37】判断正误：
My raincoat got caught in the door and the bottom button came off.
【答案】正确
【解析】“come off”此外意为“从……离开”；另有“下班”之意。
如：He came off the work.
另，come off 还有“举行，大获成功，实现”之意。如：
The conference will come off next.
The experiment came off this match.
【例38】判断正误：（1）It looks as if it is pure gold.
（2）Did he act as if he heart of it?
（3）He talked as if he had been there several times.
【答案】三个句子都是正确的。
【解析】（1）句是as if引导的表语从句]
表语从句多用虚拟语气
（2）、（3）句引导方式状语从句，动词有几种形式：
1）as is +从句（be用were）
2）as if+从句（用过去式）
3）as if+从句（had+p.p）
【例39】判断正误：No matter what you think, you must apologize her.
【答案】错误
【解析】apologize vi. 不及物动词
apologize to sb.（for sth.）或make an apology to sb. for sth.
如：I apologized to my teacher for my being late.
【例40】We have just heard a warning on the radio which a hurricane is likely to come.（改错）
【答案】应把which改成that.
【解析】这是一个同位语从句，说明前边的名词warning,不是定语从句，定语从句起修饰作用。
引导同位语从句的名词有fact, news, promise, idea, truth 等，属于名词性从句的一种，连接同位语从句的连接词用that不用which，连接副词有how, where, when, why等。
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
The news that be is going to our factory is true.
【例41】It will be over 100 years after the country begins once again to look as it did before.（改错）
【答案】after改为“before”，before意为“直到……才……”。
It will be a year before he can go to Canada.过一年后他才能去加拿大。
She finished writing his composition before he watched TV. 她写完作文才看电视。
【例42】判断正误：
（1）She married a man last year.
（2）The old man married his daughter to a worker.
（3）She got married three years ago.
（4）He has married for three years.
【答案】（1）、（2）、（3）正确，（4）句错误。
【解析】该题考查“marry”一词的用法。
（1）marry作及物动词，后直接加宾语。
如第一句marry sb.“嫁给某人，娶人为妻”
第二句marry sb. to sb.“将某人嫁给某人，让某人与某人结婚”
（2）作不及物动词，“结婚”。He married one year ago.
（3）注意：1）marry不与介词with连用（但名词marriage可与with连用），但可说get/be married to sb.
2）marry为短暂性动词，因此当用于完成时态时，不可与表示时间段的状语连用。如第4句可说He got married three years ago.
He has been married for three year. 不说He married for three years.
3）作不及物动词语时，marry后可加副词late, early, well等，表示婚期姻状况。如：Shang Li married late.
4）married可作形容词，除作表语外，还可作定语。
She has three marred children.
【例43】判断正误：The rest of work is to be finished the next day.
【答案】正确。
【解析】该题考查the rest of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数要与谁保持一致的问题，the rest of +不可数名词，work为不可数名词谓语动词用单数形式。
这里要注意正确使用意义一致原则。
【说明】意义一致又叫概念一致，当主语表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，表示复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。
some ,any, most, none, all,
more, half, the rest, part 这些词以及分数词作主语时，要根据意义一致原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
如：All are silent , so the meeting hasn’t improved.（all 指人，用复数）
All has been done well, so the work is finished ahead of time.（all 指工作，用单数）
此句中的the rest of+单数→单数（谓语）
the rest of+复数→复数
【例44】判断正误：Jack had his money steal in the library.
【答案】该句错误。把steal改成stolen。
【解析】该句考查“have”（“叫，让，派”）的用法
have sth. done表示“某事已做了”。
（1）表示主语有意识地让别人做某事。
I have my temperature taken in the hospital.
（2）宾语动作发出者不是主语
When I climbed up the mountain, I had my leg hurt.
（3）这种结构，可以表示句子的主语可能参与完成的某件事。
We had had your food prepared.这种结构的否定式表示“不允许”，如：
We won’t have anything said against the Party.
除了have sth. done,还可说get sth. done. Done过去分词作宾语补足语。
另have的常见的几种结构要注意：
1）have sb. do sth. “让人做某事”
Jane will have him call a taxi fro her.
2）have sb.done “使某人被感受……”
I’d love to have him educated in Japan.
If you don’t observe the rules, I’ll have you fired.
3）have sb. doing sth.“使某人主动地去做，或通过一些手段使之愿做”
She told us the story to have all of us laughing.
4）have sth. doing“让某事发生”
He had his car waiting for us.
5）have sth. to do（不定式作定语）
She has an important thing to do. 这种结构中的不定式和它修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以不定式短语中的动词要使用及物动词，短语动词，有时要加有关介词。
We have nothing to worry about.
6）have sth. to be done“使某事得以完成”
Do you have any clothes to be washed？
【例45】The paths were difficult _______especially at night.
A．walk to be on B．to walk
C．to walk on D．walking
【答案】C
【解析】有的学生根据句意选A、B，这是错误的。此句中的不定式to walk on 在句子中作状语，这种动词不定式作状语时和主语有动宾关系。注意结尾介词的使用。
The picture is beautiful to look at.
Water is fit to drink.
这时句子的不定多要用主动结构表示被动意义，不用被动结构。故C正确。
【例46】For centuries travelers have returned from abroad with seeds and young plants to add to the centre’s collection.
【解析】此句中的with seeds and young plants to add to the …为“with +n. +to do …结构”
除了这种结构还有下面这些结构。要注意归纳。
With+n. +prep.短语
如：She came into the room with a ruler in his hands.
With+n.+p.p
She had to go home on foot with money stolen.
With+n.+adv.
She often goes to do morning exercise with children outside.
【例47】判断正误：
（1）As a young man, he was a leader.
（2）My home town is no longer the same as it was.
（3）As is well known, she is honest.
【答案】三个句子都是正确的。
【解析】这三个句子主要考查“as”的用法。As在英语中是较活跃的一个词，可作连词，介词和代词等。
as 作连词引导从句，如（1）句as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，不是介词，后省略As he was.
As 除了表示时间外，还可引导下列从句：
As he was ill, he could not go there.（原因）
He raised his voice so as to be heard by his students.（目的）
You must do it as I tell you.（方式）
Young as he is, he knows a lot.（让步）
The work is as easy as I think.（比较）
I have never seen such persons as John and Mary. （定语）
（2）、（3）句中as作代词，2）句中the same as像……一样，（3）句中as关系代词代表后面主句表达的整个内容，句子中作主语。
【例48】Hurry up, we are going to set off.（改错）
【答案】be going to 改为be about to
【解析】be going to 在时间上指不久的将来，可以加上时间状语来修饰，有“打算”之意。
be about to 指最近的将来，不可加时间状语，有“马上出发”之意。
【例49】判断正误：
（1）We have produced much more color TV sets since 1990.
（2）The business man will earn many money the next year.
【答案】（1）句错误 （2）句错误
【解析】这两个句子主要是考查many more, much more 的区别，两者都作定语，但many more用修饰可数名词，much more修饰不可数名词，所以第2句中的many more改成much more，第1句中的much 改成many more.
另：much more短语作形容词词组用时，它在句子中可作表语，不论其句子主语是可数名词还是不可数名词，但many more不能这么用。如：Water there is much more.
much more 可用来修饰多音节的形容词，如：This bike is more beautiful than that one.
二者都可作代词用，在句子中可作主语，宾语，但many more代表可数句词much more代表不可数名词。如：Some people for the suggestion, but many more as against it.