Unit 9-Unit 10
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 coal content South Africa killer poverty equality fairness *cooperation willingness wipe *per defend incorrect *affect advise frightening terrify bury ash *mud rise *spot dirt sight courage *flee arrival bath pillow daylight immediately fresh *web inch board *steamship unbelievable ton uncomfortable aloud reading
词组 the United Nations take part in take action air conditioner *in harmony with... put an end to advise sb.（not） to do sth. on end draw one’s attention（to） at hand calm（sb.） down on board knock about all of a sudden live through as though（=as if）
语法 倒装 省略
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.advise
例句集锦
v.
（1）There is no one to advise me.
没有人能给我忠告。
I advise waiting until tomorrow.
我建议等到明天。
I advise you to start at once.
我劝你立刻出发。
They were advised not to go abroad.
他们被奉劝不要出国。
I strongly advise you against going abroad.
我力劝你不要出国。
He advises us on economic affairs.
他给我们提供有关经济事务的建议。
He could not advise me what to do next.
他无法教我接下来该做什么。
Can you advise me whether I should go abroad?
你能不能指点我该不该出国？
I advised him that he （should） go at once.
我劝他应该马上去。
The doctor advised a complete rest.
医生建议充分休息。
（2）Please advise us of the date.
请将日期通知我们。
We were advised of the risk.
有人告知我们那项风险。
We were advised that they could not accept our offer.
我们获得通知，说他们不能接受我们的提议。
（3）I shall/will act as you advise.
我将照你的忠告去做。
（4）You had better advise with him on the situation.
你最好就当前形势请教他。
用法归纳
*advise可用作动词（vt.＆vi.）。主要义项有：忠告，劝告，建议，通知，商量。
*用作动词时的主要搭配形式为：advise+名词/动名词/sb. to do sth./宾语从句/sb. against doing sth./sb. on sth./sb.+疑问词+不定式/sb. of sth.
特别提示
advise作“通知”讲后跟宾语从句时，用陈述语气；作“建议”讲后跟宾语从句时，用虚拟语气。
2.affect
例句集锦
v.
（1）The climate affected his health.
气候影响（损害）了他的健康。
Some plants are quickly affected by cold.
有些植物对寒冷很敏感。
The rise in the price of bread will affect us all.
面包售价上涨，我们大家都会受影响。
（2）He was much affected by the sad news.
这个凄惨的消息使他十分难过。
His death affected us deeply.
他的死亡使我们深为感慨。
（3）The left lung is affected.
左肺受到感染。
（4）She affects an American accent.
她装出美国腔调。
He affected not to hear me.
他假装没听见我的话。
（5）He affects long and learned words.
他爱用长而艰涩的词。
She affects bright colours.
她爱穿颜色鲜艳的衣服。
用法归纳
*affect可用作及物动词。主要义项有：影响；感动；侵袭；假装；爱用。
3.calm
例句集锦
adj.
（1）It was a calm,cloudless day.
那是个无风少云的日子。
The sea was calm.
大海无风浪。
（2）He is a calm and reasonable man.
他是个心平气和而讲理的人。
He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.
他碰到紧急事件时总是保持镇定。
v.
（1）She soon calmed her child（down）.
她不久便使她的孩子安静下来。
Calm yourself.请你安静/镇定下来。
（2）Calm down.镇静吧。
The angry man soon calmed down.
那个愤怒的人不久便平静下来。
n.
（1）There was a calm on the sea.
海上一片宁静。
the calm before the storm
暴风雨之前的宁静
（2）She faced the danger with complete calm.
她完全镇定地面对危险。
用法归纳
*calm可用作形容词、动词、名词。主要义项有：平静的，无风的，无浪的；宁静的，镇静的；（使）平静；宁静，沉着。
4.content
例句集锦
n.
（1）The contents of the bag were missing.
袋子里面的东西不见了。
I don’t know the contents of the letter.
我不知道那封信的内容。
（2）the （table of） contents 目录，目次
（3）This book has very little content.
这本书内容贫乏。
content and form 内容与形式
（4）a low vitamin content 低的维生素含量
There’s a very high water content in pineapples.
菠萝的含水量很高。
（5）live in content 满足地生活
smile with content 满意地微笑
I ate to my heart’s content.
我尽情地吃。
We had the chance to play golf to our hearts’ content.
我们有了尽情打高尔夫球的机会。
adj.
He’s not content with his present job.
他对目前的工作并不满意。
He is content with very little.
他易于满足。
She is content to stay here all the year.
她愿意整年留在这里。
v.
Nothing contents her.
没有任何事物能使她满足。
As there was no coffee,I had to content myself with a glass of water.
因为没有咖啡，所以我只好以一杯水为满足。
用法归纳
*content可用作名词、形容词、及物动词。主要义项有：内容，目录，含量，满足；满足的，满意的；使满足，使满意。
●重点短语
1.at hand
例句集锦
I always keep the handbook at hand.
我总是把那本手册放在手边。
Final examinations are at hand.
期末考试快到了。
相关归纳
（1）by hand 用手
She did all the sewing by hand.
她用手工做了所有的缝纫工作。
deliver a letter by hand 亲手递交信件
bring up a baby by hand 用牛乳养育婴儿
（2）in hand 所有；在控制下；已经着手；正在考虑中
I have only $50 in hand.
我手头只有50美元。
Let’s finish the work in hand.
我们把手头的工作完成吧。
（3）on hand 在近处；出席；迫近
They have some new goods on hand.
他们有一些新货。
He advised me to be on hand.
他劝我出席。
A change may be on hand.
一项改变可能已经迫近。
特别提示
以上由hand构成的词组hand前不用冠词。
2.live through
例句集锦
He has lived through two wars and three revolutions.
他经历了两次战争和三次革命。
They lived through the Second World War.
他们经历过第二次世界大战。
相关归纳
（1）get through 做/办/看完；通过/让通过；接通电话
I will be with you as soon as I get through this work.
我一做好这项工作就到你这儿来。
I got through the book in one evening.
我一个晚上就看完了这本书。
John has got through the English oral test.
约翰已经通过了英语口语考试。
I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t get through.
我设法打你的电话，但打不通。
The good news that our team won the match got through to us at last.
我们队获胜的好消息终于传到了我们这儿。
（2）go through 审阅；检查；讨论；查看；看一遍；经历（困难、痛苦等），经过（阶段等）
I’d like to have you go through the book.
我想让你审阅一下这本书。
He thought it his duties to go through the papers.
他认为审阅这些文件是他的职责。
Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.
妈妈翻遍了抽屉寻找那件毛衣。
I did not want to go through college.
我不想上完大学了。
Most families went through a lot during the war.
大多数家庭在战争期间经历了很多的苦。
The country has gone through too many wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
3.on end
例句集锦
make one’s hair stand on end（恐怖等）使人毛骨悚然
He stood the box on end.
他把箱子竖立起来。
It snowed for three days on end.
一连下了三天雪。
相关归纳
（1）at the end 结束；尽头
She was at the end of the patience.
她已忍无可忍。
At the end of the road,you’ll find a hospital.
在这条路的尽头，你会找到一家医院。
We’ll have a dictation at the end of the class.
在临近下课的时候，我们将进行听写。
（2）in the end 最后；终于
He tired again and again and succeeded in the end.
他一试再试，终于成功了。
He tired many ways of earning a living,in the end he became a farm labourer.
他尝试了许多谋生的方式，最后他做了农场工人。
（3）put an end to 结束；停止
Let’s put an end to this quarrel.
我们结束这场争吵吧。
Death put an end to his wicked career.
死亡结束了他邪恶的一生。
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
我们必须制止这种愚蠢的行为。
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.
当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。
（4）come to an end完毕；终止；结束
The meeting came to an end early.
会议很早结束。
His lecture came to an end around ten o’clock.
他的讲座在10点左右结束了。
特别提示
注意end构成的词组中不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的使用。
●必背句型
1.be to do sth.结构
教材原句
（1）If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
如果我们要成功地开发世界，就必须确保人人都能够参与我们创造的新世界。
特别提示
be to do sth. 为将来时的一种形式。
补充例句
（1）We are to meet at the school gate.
我们约好在校门口碰头。
（2）You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你要在10点前回来。
（3）If you are to pass the college entrance examination,I think you should work still harder.
你若想上大学（高考金榜题名），就应更用功。
（4）The prize is to honour him for his great discovery.
奖品是为了表彰他的重大发现。
（5）He traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor children out of school.This experience was to change his life.
他走了许多山村，看到了很多贫苦孩子失学。这一段经历后来改变了他的一生。
2.more ...than...结构
教材原句
He looked more asleep than dead.
与其说他看起来死了，不如说他睡着了。
特别提示
more...than...意为：与其……不如……
补充例句
（1）There are more apples than pears.
苹果比梨子多。
（2）He is more brave than wise.
他有勇无谋。
（3）The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
与其说它是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本字典更确切。
（4）He was more frightened than hurt.
他没受什么伤，倒是吃惊不小。
疑难突破
as though,even though,though
（1）as though=as if “好像；似乎”，用来引导方式状语从句或表语从句。as though 比as if更正式，描述非现实情况时，as if/as though 从句中用虚拟语气；在口语中，主句为现在时，而且有内容可清楚判别是表达现实的意思时，在as if 后的从句有时也可以用现在时。
此外，若使用现在时，这是表达实际的事实关系；as if/as though 从句里的主语和动词，有时可省略。
（2）even though=even if “即使；纵使”，用来引导让步状语从句。even if 的从句有强烈的假设性，而even though 则多以此从句内容为前提。
Even though he is poor,she loves him.
=He is poor,yet she loves him.
尽管他很贫穷，但她还是爱他。
（3）though “虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。even though 有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though 引导的句子所说的是事实，even though 引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。另外，though 还可用于倒装句，这时作表语的名词或形容词要提前。
注意：though不能和but 连用。
应用
（1）She always talks to me ______ she were my sister.
（2）He walked slowly ______ he had hurt his leg.
（3）It looks ______ we will be late.
（4）______ I have to sell my house,I will keep my business going.
（5）He will not tell me the secret ______ he knows it.
答案：（1）as if/as though （2）as if/as though （3）as if/as though （4）Even if/Even though （5）even if/even though/though
典例剖析
【例1】 （2003年上海，26）The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism______the widlife in the area.
A.in B.on C.at D.with
剖析：本题检测考生在特定语境中选用恰当介词的能力。介词的用法比较复杂，且多为固定搭配，无多少道理可讲，因而对介词的掌握主要靠平时多观察、多留心、多记忆。本题中的名词effects制约着后面介词的选用。an effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响/作用”。“对……产生影响”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth.例如：The film had quite an effect on her.
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅳ,24）There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,______five are mine.
A.on which B.in which
C.of which D.from which
剖析：全句意思为：书架上有11本书，其中5本是我的。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年北京，26）George Orwell,______was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.
A.the real name B.what his real name
C.his real name D.whose real name
剖析：题干中，逗号之间的句子应为定语从句，故排除C项，选D。
答案：D
【例4】 （2004年上海，36）American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A.who B.as
C.about which D.with whom
剖析：“跟某人交谈”要用talk with sb.,故选D。全句意思为：美国妇女通常认定好朋友就是能够经常交谈的人。
答案：D