高三英语冲刺讲座2

发布时间:2016-4-3 编辑:互联网 手机版

单项选择

第一部分: 语法复习的主要脉络

通过对历年来高考单项选择试题的分析,可以发现,单项选择题已经由传统的单纯考查语法知识向考查英语应用的方向发展,体现了英语的交际功能。考查重点也由集中到分散,考查的知识点越来越多。

从词法上看,动词(动词时态、语态(主动表被动)、非谓语动词(重点)、词语辨析/一词多义和情态动词,)、形容词、副词、名词和代词是考试重点,而动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和情态动词是重中之重;

从句法上看,连词和从句是考查的重点。从高考的试卷来看,动词时态考查比较多的是一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时,现在完成时、现在完成进行时以及它们之间的混合。被动语态中也涉及到时态问题。关于非谓语动词,考生一定要确认非谓语动词 在句子中所充当的成分,它的作用是什么,同时也要明确这样一个事实:非谓语动词和谓语动词一样,也存在时态和语态的问题。

语法复习主要脉络:

1. 定语从句:(缺什么,补什么)

1) 关系代词/关系副词在定语从句中的作用

2) 限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句

3) 定语从句中只用that不用which的八种情况

4) 介词+关系代词(which/ whom/ whose/ where)引导的定语从句(注意介词的选择的三种情况)

Mr. Smith, in whose office Mr. Li once worked, was told to have been killed in an accident.

She stood near the north window, from where she could see the whole garden.

5) 关系代词as引导的定语从句(注意和which引导的定语从句的不同)

6) 定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致

7) 注意way后接定语从句的情况 way in which/ that/ 不填;

2. 名词性从句

主语从句

It 作形式主语(虚拟问题)/ That句首引导(注意 that不能省略)/ Wh- 词引导 (whether引导的问题)

宾语从句

要求,命令,建议,决定,意图,推荐的动词后面的宾语从句/ wh-词引导/ it形式宾语/ that 引导/ whether引导

表语从句

that引导(注意 that不能省略)/ Wh- 词引导 (whether引导的问题)/ 虚拟语气

同位语从句(和定语从句的辨析)/ 虚拟语气

that引导(注意 that不能省略)/ 某些名词fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility, word,question等/ wh-词引导

3. 状语从句

1)时间状语从句(由when, while, as; until, not until; before, after; whenever等引导的副词从句;every time, each time, next time, last time等引导的时间副词从句;由once, as soon as, the moment (that), the instant (that), the minute (that), directly, immediately, instantly引导的副词从句;由since, ever since引导的副词从句;由no sooner… than, barely / hardly / scarcely… when引导的副词从句)

2)地点状语从句 (由where, wherever引导)

3)原因状语从句(because, since, as;由 now ( that)(因为,既然),seeing that(因为,鉴于),considering that(鉴于,考虑到),in that(因为)引导的表原因的副词从句)

4)让步状语从句(由even if / even though(即使,虽然)引导的;由 no matter how / what / which等引导的)

5)目的状语从句(由that, so that, in order that, for fear that引导)

6)结果状语从句(由so… that, such… that等表结果的副词从句引导)

1. 情态动词

1) 情态动词+ have done (表对过去推测的含义)(must, could/couldn’t, should/ shouldn’t, needn’t/ might, would)

2)不同情态动词的不同用法

Will(表将来; 表习惯;表趋向,趋势;表规律;表推测;表命令;条件从句中的will; 表执意)

Can(表能力;表允许;表可能性;和be able to 的区别)和could的用法

May(表允许; 用在目的状语从居中;表让步;表祝愿)和might的用法

Must(表主观的肯定;表肯定推测;表偏要,硬要)

Shall①用于第一、三人称的问句中,表示征求建议。例如:

②用于第二、三人称,表示命令、警告、威胁。例如:

③用于官方文件中,表明具有法律效应。

Need (常用于否定句和疑问句; 用于肯定句中的条件(only, but, all, before等暗含否定含义的词)

2. 主谓一致

l)某些集体名词,如 family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式

2)某些集体名词,如 people,police,cattle,militia等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数

3)单、复数同形的名词做主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等,做主语时,动词一般用单数。

5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式

6)不定代词 each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式.

7)如果主语有 more than one…或 many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式.

8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具做主语时,谓语通常用复数形式.

9) this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数;

10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。

11)如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数.

12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致.

13)用 and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式.

14)当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,With,like,rather than,together with,but,except, besides, including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定.

15)以 or,either… or ,neither… nor,not only.but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则,

16)名词型物主代词连接的动词,既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。

17)such, the same 起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。

18)关系代词who, that, which等在定词从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

19)疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。

20)不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some, more等作主语时, 有两种情况

21)“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of , lots of , plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致

22)a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数

23)表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式

24)half of, (a)part of 修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。

25)如果主语由“the +形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,

26)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。

27)在“one of +复数名词+who/ that/ which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/ that/ which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。

3. 倒装句

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly… , at no time, in no way, not until…, scarcely, not often, by no means, not a bit, still less, in no case, 等。

2) 以否定词开头作部分倒装

3) only + 状语 在句首倒装的情况。

4) as, though 引导的倒装句

5) 其他部分倒装

(1) so (such) … that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很,动也不敢动。

So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.

To such lengths did he speak that every got bored.

(2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如: May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。

(3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如:

4. 名词(抽象名词的具体化)和冠词的连用; 名词单复数同形

5. 冠词(定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法; 和抽象名词连用表具体的内容)

6. 形容词和副词(形容词排序的问题(冠词或指示代词+所有格+序数词+基数词+特性/性质+大小/长短/高低+年龄/温度/新旧+形态/形状+颜色+国籍/地区/出处+物质/材料+用途/类别/目的);形容词副词同形;级的问题(倍数的比较);级的加强语气词)

7. 代词(that/ one/ it的替代作用)

8. 时态(十六种时态的构成及基本定义; 确定时态的方法)和语态(主动表示被动的特殊形式)

9. 非谓语动词(动词不定式/ 动名词/ 分词的不同作用; 特殊动词后的非谓语动词形式, 它的时态和语态)

10. 动词(动词辨析; 固定搭配; 一词多义)

11. 强调句型(和其它几个相似句型的辨析)

It is/ was … that … 和It is/ was … when/ before/ since…的区别

12. 反意疑问句(复合句的的反意疑问句)

13. 句型的复习与巩固(61个基本句型)

14. It句型的判断方法(疑问句要改为陈述句, 使问题简单化) 和there be 句型

15. 虚拟语气(虽然不在高考大纲中,但是高考也考过)

第二部分:应试策略

英语知识运用能力

2004年高考英语知识运用试题的基本特点是:平稳、难度下降、知识点覆盖全面、突出语篇、符合考纲目标要求。

单项填空试题

高考英语中的单项填空试题主要考查:1)语法知识;2)运用语法知识的能力;3)搭配、习惯用法;4)对词语的正确理解能力。2004年高考15份试卷中的单项填空试题的特点是:内容覆盖面广、试题重点突出,强调动词用法能力的考查。英语动词的学习是中学英语教学中的重点和难点,与动词有关的内容有:时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、非谓语动词等。该试题的设计遵循“以能力立意的原则”突出语境理解的作用,注重基础知识在语境中理解与运用的考查。单项填空试题难度下降,没有偏题、怪题,符合目前英语新课程改革的要求。修订大纲中指出;“大型考试应降低语法试题的难度。” 英语课程标准在终结性评价中指出:“笔试应避免单纯语法知识题”。试题知识点覆盖比较全面、基本上做到了重点突出(主干知识动词占该试题50%)。

试 卷 考 查 内 容

动词(时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词短语、动词) 复合句(定语从句、状语从句等) 其它(冠词、副词、代词、用语、名词、形容词等)

全国 6 3 6

全国(新课程) 6 3 6

全国(广西) 6 2 7

北京 7 3 5

浙江 7 2 6

湖北 7 2 6

湖南 9 2 4

天津 5 3 7

福建 7 2 6

江苏 7 2 6

重庆 8 1 7

广东 4 2 9

辽宁 7 2 6

单项填空试题能力层次分类分析:

1)语法理解和运用能力

动词时态

(全国一卷)

30. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ___________ half of it.

A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed

此题考查动词时态。根据题干所提供的语境,My mind wasn’t on what he was saying用的是过去时态,说明“漏听的内容”也应该表示过去的一个客观事实。干扰最大的是B选项。如果不认真分析语境,容易误选过去完成时。正确答案为D。

(全国二卷)

25. ---Has Sam finished his homework today? ---I have no idea. He ____it this morning.

A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done

此题语境设计非常精彩,考生如果只根据第一句的问话判断答案,A、BI 都有干扰性,尤其容易选A 选项,He did it this morning.没有上下文,单独看此句是正确的。但是认真分析对话的答语I have no idea.就只有C选项He was doing it this morning.符合对话的语境。

(北京卷)

22.---What’s that terrible noise? ---The neighbors ____ for a party.

A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare

此题根据第一句的语境判断,问的是此时此刻“噪音产生的原因”,所以选择B选项,用现在进行时态解释噪音产生的原因。

(湖北卷)

22. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _____her somewhere.

A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen

题干中的语境kept looking at暗示了出后面的动作应该使用过去完成时态,表示“…..不知在什么地方见过她。”所以答案为D。

(江苏卷)

34. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.

A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun

题干中的since the early 1990s是表示时间的关键短语,后面的定语从句有对该短语进行了进一步说明,所以不难判断出正确答案应该是B。

补充说明

情态动词

(全国一卷)

29. ---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

---No, it _____ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not

此题考查在特定语境中情态动词的运用。通过对所提供的语境I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.的理解,推断出正确选项应该是“can’t”。can’t表示一种否定的推测,考查了情态动词表示推测的基本知识,即表示否定和疑问的推测要使用can。

(上海卷)

28. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.

A. must B. may C. can D. need

根据题干中所提供的语境“under adult supervision when in a public library”

选择A选项。

(湖北卷)

26. ---Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

---Sorry, I’m not sure. But it ____ be.

A. might B. will C. must D. can

所提供的语境I’m not sure明显说明对所说的事情把握不大,因此选择A选项might。

复合句

(全国一卷)

31. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.

A. why B. where C. what D. how

此题重点考查表语从句关联词的选择与对动词disagree用法的掌握情况。该题有一定难度,误选C的考生占一定比例。主要原因是受中文影响,即“我不同意你说的人人平等。” 如何选择从句中的连词与清楚地理解从句中的动词用法有着密切的关系。disagree是不及物动词,表示在某一点上“不同意”,所以该题正确答案应该选B( where),表示“你说人人平等,在这一点上我不敢苟同。”

(全国二卷)

23. There were dirty marks on her trousers______ she had wiped her hands.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

此题考查定语从句的用法。从句中的动词“wiped sth on sth”提供了清楚的语境,所以选择A(where)作为关系副词引导定语从句指代“在裤子上”。

(全国一卷)

23. The English play ____my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

答案为C。定语从句是高中语法学习的重点,也是历届高考测试的热点。

定语从句的考查点为关联词的运用,使用好关联词关键是要理解关联词在从句中的作用。从句中的动词 act表示

“表演一部戏”时与介词的搭配为 “act in a play”,所以该题引导定语从句的关联词为in which。

(北京卷)

31. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that B. as C. why D. when

此题考查宾语从句关联词的选择。从主句中的cannot figure out可以判断出应该选择why,说明我们不明白到底什么原因使那么多的动物渐渐灭绝。

(湖南卷)

23. I work in a business_____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

此题的先行词为business,定语从句还原便可清晰看到该句为“almost everyone is waiting for a great chance in the business”,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以选择C.(where)。

24. I think Father would like to know _____I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

A. which B. why C. what D. how

此题关键是理解be up to的含义,根据题干所给的具体语境be up to的意思

为“忙于……从事于……”。所以选C(what )代替介词to后的宾语。

(上海卷)

36. America women usually identify their best friend as someone _____they can talk frequently.

A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

考查点为定语从句。C选项干扰比较大,误选C的考生主要是没有认真理解从句动词,而受主句as的干扰。还原定语从句为”they can talk with them”, 所以正确答案为D(with whom)。

2)习惯用语的辨析能力

(全国一卷)

26. ---How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

---That _____ me fine.

A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits

考查点为动词辨析。动词satisfy和 meet都有“满足”的意思,根据题义可以排除。动词fit和 suit都有“适合,合适”的意思,fit常用于表示衣服合身,而suit的含义比较广,有“对……合适,对……方便”的意思。选择D(suit)符合该题的上下文。

(全国二卷)

33. I must be fat---I can _____ do my trousers up.

A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom

考查在特定语境中恰当使用副词的能力。根据题干第一句句意:“我一定是发胖了”,第二句应该表示胖的程度:“裤子要系不上了”。A 和C不符合题意,seldom是频度副词,而hardly既是频度副词,也是程度副词,因此最佳答案为B(hardly)。

(全国三卷)

28. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.

A. length B. distance C. way D. space

考查点为近义词在特定语境中的用法。根据题干60 miles的暗示,此处需要

一个代表“距离”的名词,所以选B(distance)符合题义。

3)识记、理解并灵活使用固定搭配的能力

(全国一卷)

32. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished with them.

A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off

该试题考查理解运用动词词组的能力。在准确分析语境的前提下,动词词组

掌握得比较好,选出正确答案C是不难的。动词词组很多,而且每个词组常常

有几个甚至更多的含义,所以要很好地掌握它们的意思,只靠死记硬背不行,

要在大量语言材料输入的同时,观察和体验这些短语在特定语境中的用法。

(全国二卷)

26. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _____completely.

A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over

根据题干语境,可以判断该空应该填“扑灭”,所以答案为B。

(重庆卷)

26. Before the war broke out, many people _____in safe places possessions they could not take with them.

A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away

分析句子不难看出,该句的意思是“把目前不用的东西收拾起来,以备将来

用。” in safe places是关键词,所以选B(put away)。

(北京卷)

35. I don’t _____rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for

正确答案为“go in for”,意思为 “从事,参加”。

3)英语口语交际能力

(天津卷)

21. ---How often do you eat out?

---, but usually once a week.

A. Have no idea B. It depend C. As usual D. Generally speaking

通过对话中usually的理解,可以排除C、D选项。But可以排除A选项。

正确答案为 B. (It depend)意思为“视情况而定”。

(湖北卷)

35. ---Will $200_____?

---I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.

A. count B. satisfy C. fit D. do

Sth will do是一种比较固定的说法,在口语表达中比较常见,意思为“……够了,……行了”。

通过分析可以看出单项填空试题考查的能力可以具体归纳为三个方面:

a.特定语境中理解运用语法知识的能力;

b.特定语境中理解运用词汇知识的能力;

c.特定语境中理解运用日常交际用语的能力。

该试题考查趋势:考查点由强调语法结构向灵活的语言运用转移、词义理解设问更加灵活多变。

第三部分: 单项选择的应试方法

做单项选择题的时候,考生往往不能正确理解句子的大意。要处理好这个问题最重要的环节是分析句子的成分,看懂句子的意思。因此,考生应该有一定的词汇量和基本词法、句法和语法知识,必须知道每一个句子成分由什么充当。当然,我们并不是死抠语法知识,但是熟悉了解基本的语法知识是必要的。

  做选择题的时候,考生可以运用直接法、排除法和比较法。所谓直接法,就是一眼能够看出题目的答案,直接选择;所谓排除法,就是对于有些拿不准的选项,首先将错误的选项逐一排除,最后得出正确答案;比较法,就是运用联想记忆,将学过的知识进行迁移,并且与考查的知识点进行比较对照,最终找出正确答案。

天津市2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)

21. - How often do you eat out ? - ________ , but usually once a week.

A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking

22. Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.

A. or B. while C. but D. and

23. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,______ , of course , made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

24. When he left ________ college , he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office .

A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the ; the

25. Happy birthday , Alice ! So you have________ twenty-one already!

A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed

26. I keep medicines on the top shelf , out of the children’s________ .

A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place

27. Mr. Smith used to smoke________ but he has given it up.

A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

28. - What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

- I had just finished my work and ________ to take a shower.

A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting

29. I got the story from Tom and ___________ people who had worked with him.

A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than

30. It is easy to do the repair , __________ you need is a hammer and some nails.

A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything

31. - Who is the girl standing over there ? - Well, if you ________ know , her name is Mabel.

A. may B. can C. must D. shall

32. It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.

A. that B. until C. since D. before

33. It was not a serious illness, and she soon ________ it.

A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of

34. Don’t leave the water________ while you brush your teeth.

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

35. A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A

项目 题号 项目 题号

交际 21 连词 22

定语从句 23 冠词 24

系动词 25 名词 26

副词 27 时态 28

代词 29, 30 情态动词 31

状语从句 32 动词短语 33

非谓语动词 34 名词性从句 35

如果我们仔细分析这张表的话, 我们不难发现还有几个语法项目没有考.例如, 介词, 形容词, 强调句, 感叹句, 反意疑问句, 省略句, 倒装句.

单项选择填空是这些年来高考试题中一直采用的一种题型,做好单项选择填空需要掌握选择填空的答题技巧,以便提高答题的准确率。选择填空的答题技巧是很多很多的,现在结合近年来高考选择填空题给同学们作些分析并提出一些注意问题。

一、整体把握,分析语境

这些年来,单项选择填空淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查,而是在特定的语境中对语法和词汇进行考查,这就增加了考试的难度。因此,考生必须具有综合运用语言的能力。答题时我们必须读完全部信息,利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。例如:

1. --- What’s that terrible noise? (2004年北京卷22题)

--- The neighbors ___________ for a party.

A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare

2. -George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? (2004年湖北卷33题)

-No , I ________ . Did they have a big wedding ?

A.was not invited B.have not been invited C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite

3. --- It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now. (2004年全国卷I)

--- OK. ____________.

A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you

二、注意分析句子结构

明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所担任的句子成分,有时对于我们选择正确答案是很有帮助的。例如:

1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______at the meeting by my boss

A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

2. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market煟撸 some bananas and visited his cousin.煛 

A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

对句子稍作分析,我们就会发现本句中的空白处的句子成分与went、visited是三个并列谓语,后两个谓语用and加以连接,正确答案毫无疑问是A。

3. Is this factory____you visited last Friday﹖

A. which B. where C. the one D. there

应该知道这个句子的主语为this factory. this是定语is是连系动词当谓语,空白处缺少的是表语,所以C项是正确答案(the one后面省略了关系代词which或that)。如果我们在factory前面加上定冠词the,答案则应选A,因为此时factory成了句子的表语。

4.It was ________ back home after the experiment . (2004年湖北卷24题)

A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn’t go

C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn’t go

三. 注意排除思维定势的干扰

在学习过程中,同学们进行了相当多的习题练习,因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地会产生思维定势。当碰到一些已经发生了变化的新题目,如果不作分析而是凭老经验,想当然办事,势必造成错误。为此,必须排除思维定势的干扰,以便选出正确的答案。例如:

1. Whom is it up to ___________ the place to hold the meeting?

A. to decide B. deciding C. have decided D. being deciding

2. -She can’t help____the house because she’s busy making a cake.熒虾1997

A. to clean B. cleaning   C. cleaned D. being cleaned

3. This is the only way we are thinking of ___________ him out of trouble.

A. getting B. to get C. got D. to have got

4. He tried every means to make himself ___________ the rules by studying them day and night.

A. understood B. understanding C. understand D. to understand

四、注意捕获句子中的隐含信息

为了考查考生观察问题、分析问题的能力,高考选择题中常常会把一些重要的信息隐含在语境之中,而不是直截了当地告诉考生。因此,答题时必须十分注意获取隐含的信息。例如:

1. -Are the new rules working﹖ -Yes.____books are stolen.煟∟MET1999)

A. Few B. More C. Some D. None

此题中的Yes提供了很重要的信息,它说明了答话人已肯定了新的规章在起作用,故正确答案是A。至于D项中的none是不能当定语的,故不能选。

2. -Can you come on Monday or Tuesday﹖ -- I’m afraid__ day is possible.煟∟MET1998)

A. either B. neither C. some D. any

此题中的“I’m afraid”就是隐含信息,它说明了答话人所持的是否定态度,也就是说星期一、星期二这两天都不行,所以B是正确的答案。

3. Everyone was on time for the meeting ___ Chris, who's usually ten minutes late for everything. (2004年湖南卷27题)

A. but B. only C. even D. yet

五、注意句式的变化

在考查考生对基础知识的掌握过程中,命题人常会通过改变句子结构的方式来增加试题难度。碰到这类题材时,要沉着冷静,仔细分析,以便选出正确的答案。例如:

1.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ________ such a beautiful palace.

A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find (2004年辽宁卷)

2。 John plays football____焛f not better than David.(NMET1994)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

这种把原级与比较级的用法混在同一个句子当中的用法,在中学教科书中并没有出现,考生碰到这种题目自然会感到很陌生。如果我们冷静地思考一下就会明白if not better than是插入语,这时就会觉得句子很容易理解,答案也就一目了然,即B是正确答案。

Rather than____on a crowded bus he always prefers____a bicycle.烴MET1994

A. ride, ride B. riding, ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding

此题用的是prefer to do…rather than do…的句型,如果该题以陈述句的形式出现,考生很容易找到正确答案。但是命题人却采用倒装句来命题,增加了试题的干扰因素,需要考生仔细分析才能明白C是正确答案。

-I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.

-What do you suppose____to him﹖熒虾1997

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

这里答语用的是复杂的特殊疑问句,其中do you suppose作插入语,可见suppose之后缺少的是句子谓语而不是suppose的宾语,故正确答案是C。至于D项时态不呼应,所以不能选。

六、注意日常交际用语的掌握与应用

高考题目中经常会出现日常交际用语方面的考查内容。做这类题目要特别注意的是中西方文化的差异,特定的语言环境以及习惯用法。以下应该注意的问题

1. 问是否介意及回答,of course/ certainly not; Not at all; I’m afraid you’d better not; I’m afraid you can’t; I’d rather you didn’t actually

2. 介绍及回答, This is …; I’m glad/ pleased to meet/ see you; Glad/ Nice to meet you

3. 表扬及回答, Thank you/ Thanks; It’s very kind of you to ay so; I’m glad you enjoy it.

4. 道歉及回答, Never mind; That’s all right.

5. 求助及回答, I’d love/ like to; With pleasure; Help yourself, please; Go ahead, please; I’d like to, but I’m busy now.

6. 主动帮助及回答, It’s all right. Thanks; That’s very nice of you.; No, thank you all the same/ just the same.

7. 成功表达及回答, I’m glad to hear that; Congratulations.

例如:

-Hi, haven’t seen you for ages. You look fine. -____. You look well焧oo.烴MET1994

A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all

在英语中,当听到赞扬时用来回谢对方的常用Thanks或Thank you,不能按照中国人的习惯为了表示谦虚等说“不”“没什么”一类的话。因此,正确答案是B。

-Do you think I could borrow your dictionary﹖ -____.烴MET1997

A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on

could用于疑问句可以用来表示委婉的语气,但它不能用于回答。help oneself含有“自取”“自用”的意思,所以C项为正确答案。

-I’d like to take a week’s holiday. -_____, we’re too busy. (2004年全国卷III23题)

A. Don’t worry B. Don’t mention it C. Forget it D. Pardon me

-Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide? -Of course. _______ sir. (2004年全国卷II 21题)

A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself C. It doesn't matter D. Take your time

--- I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s.

--- _____________.

A. Oh, that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations

C. Really D. Oh, I am glad to hear that

七、细心观察,注意相似句型之间的差别

英语中有些句型很相似,如果不加以仔细观察在做题目时很容易出错误。例如:

It is known to all that pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.

As is known to all, pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.

这里第一句中的it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句;第二句中的as为关系代词,引导的是定语从句。

再看下面一道高考题:

____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.烴MET2001

A. It B. As C. That D. What

此题答案是B。该题考查由as引导的定语从句,它可以放在主句前或后。as表示主句的内容,而不是代表某个先行词。故而译成中文是“正如大家都知道的”。其余几项均无此意。如果有的考生不小心也会选A,因为it作为形式主语引导主语从句时其结构与as引导定语从句很相似。下面有100道相似句型题供同学们参考

单项选择填空题的内容是多方面的,这里所讲的只不过是其中几个问题。我们必须明白,要做好单项选择填空题仅靠掌握一些答题技巧还是远远不够的。因此,我们在平时的学习过程中一定要扎扎实实地打好英语基础并练好语言的本领。

单项选择复习建议

1. 熟练掌握高中英语新课程标准词汇及用法, 其中要掌握词性及其固定的搭配(基本要求)

2. 对于重要句型的把握 (重点61个)

3. 注意一词多义 (重点)(cover, run, reach, play, stand, beat, spare)

4. 固定搭配 (常考动词15个:take, get, bring, ask, catch, put, come, give, keep, make, break, hold, look, go, turn)