人教版过去分词作宾补的用法

发布时间:2016-3-11 编辑:互联网 手机版

教案

沛县张寨中学 高二英语组

Language studay

一.学法导引

1.掌握单词shelter,decorate,reasonable,rent等的用法。

2.掌握短语keep out的用法。

3.掌握过去分词作宾补的用法。

二.重点难点聚焦

1.shelter

(1).n.遮盖物,遮风挡雨的地方(UN).保护,住宿(UN)

Trees are a shelter from the sun.

树可遮蔽太阳。

We gave the old man shelter for the night.

我们给老人提供过夜之处。

Most of our money goes for food and shelter.

我们大多数的钱都花在吃和住上了。

(2).take shelter 躲避风雨等

While the fighting went on in the street,we took shelter in a shop.

街上打架还在继续,我们在店里躲避。

The rain was quite heavy and we took shelter in a doorway.

雨很大我们在门口躲雨。

(3).vt./vi.受到保护(不受淋雨等);躲(雨)

We must shelter from the rain or we’ll get wet through.

我们必须躲雨否则我们会浑身淋透。

Here’s a tree that we can shelter under.

这儿有一棵我们可以躲雨的树。

2.decorate

(1).vt.装饰;授予勋章、奖章等

We decorated the Christmas tree.

我们对圣诞树进行了装饰。

I have a passion for decorating houses.

我们热衷于装饰房子。

The soldiers was decorated for bravery.

这些战士因勇敢而被授予勋章。

(2).n.decoration 奖章、勋章等

(3).adj.decorative 有装饰性的、做装饰用的

3.keep out 挡住,使不进去/不近来

The coat can keep the cold out.

这外套御寒。

He shut the door to keep the dog out.

他们把门关了不让狗近来。

keep out of 不牵涉进去,不要惹事

I keep out of his troubles.

我不牵涉进他的麻烦中去。

keep off (使)避开

Please keep off that subject.

请别谈着话题。

4.rent

(1).vt.租房子,出租(房屋、土地等)

We rent a house from Mr.Smith.

我们向Smith先生租了一间房子。

I’ll rent it to you for 15 dollars a month.

我将以每月15美元把它租给你。

(2).n.房租,地租(UN)

How much rent do you pay for your house?

你房子付多少房租。

I have to pay my rent tomorrow.

我明天得付房租。

(3). free of rent免付租金

5.reasonable adj.

(1).合理的,公平的,公道的

My rent is reasonable.

我是租金是合理的。

Those are reasonable demands.

那些是合理的要求。

(2).讲道理的

A reasonable person is one who will listen to advice.

一个讲道理的人是会倾听意见的。

(3).合乎情理的

You’re not reasonable if you expect a child to do that.

假如你指望一个孩子那样做,你是不合情理的。

6.A is to B what C is to D.

这是个固定句式,表示“A对于B就象是C对于D”。

A rive is to a fish what a house is to a man.

河对于鱼来说就象房子对于人。

A net is to a fishman what a gun is to a hunter.

网对于渔夫就象枪对于猎人。

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.

读书对于思想就象运动对于身体。

这一句型中的what可以用as代替。

三.语法诠释

A.难点内容

用过去分词作宾补

一、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系

1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如:

I want the letter posted.

我想把这封信寄出去。

2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如:

She found her necklace gone on her way home.

在回家的路上,她发现项链不见了。

3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义,因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.

我进来时,发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

二、需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况

1. 表示“意欲;命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

The father wants his daughter taught the piano.

这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

2. 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.

刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。

3. 使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

Have you got your films developed?

你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?

4. “ with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)

With water heated, we can see the steam.

水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)

With the matter settled, we all went home.

事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)

注意:在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。例如:

She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.

她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。

( fix one's eyes on 为固定短语,因此,不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixing )

He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.

他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时,用现在分词的形式。例如:

She felt her heart beating fast.

她觉得心跳很快。

( beat 意为“心跳”,是不及物动词)

三、掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语+过去分词”的几种含义

在“ have +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语, have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义:

1. 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如:

He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.

他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)

2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如:

Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt.

当心,否则会弄伤手的。

3. 意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。例如:

He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。

(主语自己可能参与)

B.易错点内容

区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语

一般说来,过去分词作宾语补足语时,宾语是动作的承受者;现在分词作宾语补足语时,宾语是动作的执行者。试比较:

I found him lying on the grass just now.

我刚才发现他躺在草坪上。

I found him knocked down by a car.

我看到他被车撞了。

学案

重点难点聚焦

1.1.shelter

(1).n.遮盖物,遮风挡雨的地方(UN).保护,住宿(UN)

树可遮蔽太阳。

Trees are a shelter from the sun.

我们给老人提供过夜之处。

_________________________________________________________________

我们大多数的钱都花在吃和住上了

Most of our money goes for food and shelter.

街上打架还在继续,我们在店里躲避。

_________________________________________________________________

The rain was quite heavy and we took shelter in a doorway.

雨很大我们在门口躲雨。

(3).vt./vi.受到保护(不受淋雨等);躲(雨)

We must shelter from the rain or we’ll get wet through.

我们必须躲雨否则我们会浑身淋透。

这儿有一棵我们可以躲雨的树。

_________________________________________________________________

2.decorate

(1).vt.装饰;授予勋章、奖章等

We decorated the Christmas tree.

我们对圣诞树进行了装饰。

我们热衷于装饰房子。

_________________________________________________________________

The soldiers was decorated for bravery.

这些战士因勇敢而被授予勋章。

(2).n.decoration 奖章、勋章等

(3).adj.decorative 有装饰性的、做装饰用的

3.keep out 挡住,使不进去/不近来

The coat can keep the cold out.

这外套御寒。

他们把门关了不让狗近来。

_________________________________________________________________

keep out of 不牵涉进去,不要惹事

我不牵涉进他的麻烦中去。

_________________________________________________________________

keep off (使)避开

Please keep off that subject.

请别谈着话题。

4.rent

(1).vt.租房子,出租(房屋、土地等)

We rent a house from Mr.Smith.

我们向Smith先生租了一间房子。

我将以每月15美元把它租给你。

_________________________________________________________________

(2).n.房租,地租(UN)

How much rent do you pay for your house?

你房子付多少房租。

I have to pay my rent tomorrow.

我明天得付房租。

(3). free of rent免付租金

5.reasonable adj.

(1).合理的,公平的,公道的

My rent is reasonable.

我是租金是合理的。

那些是合理的要求。

_________________________________________________________________

(2).讲道理的

一个讲道理的人是会倾听意见的。

_________________________________________________________________

(3).合乎情理的

You’re not reasonable if you expect a child to do that.

假如你指望一个孩子那样做,你是不合情理的。

6.A is to B what C is to D.

这是个固定句式,表示“A对于B就象是C对于D”。

A rive is to a fish what a house is to a man.

河对于鱼来说就象房子对于人。

网对于渔夫就象枪对于猎人。

_________________________________________________________________

读书对于思想就象运动对于身体。

_________________________________________________________________

这一句型中的what可以用as代替。

语法诠释

A.难点内容

用过去分词作宾补

一、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系

1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的_______________,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的_______________关系。例如:

我想把这封信寄出去。

__________________________________________________

2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,_____________________________。因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如:

在回家的路上,她发现项链不见了。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般________,因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

我进来时,发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

_________________________________________________________________

二、需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况

1. 表示“意欲;命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

_________________________________________________________________

2. 感官动词 _______________________________________________ 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 使役动词_________________________________________________等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:

你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?

_____________________________________________________________

4. “ with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。( )

With water heated, we can see the steam.

水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。( )

With the matter settled, we all went home.

事情得到解决,我们都回家了。( )

注意:在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。例如:

She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.

她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。

( fix one's eyes on 为固定短语,因此,不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixing )

He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.

他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时,用现在分词的形式。例如:

She felt her heart beating fast.

她觉得心跳很快。

( beat 意为“心跳”,是不及物动词)

三、掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语+过去分词”的几种含义

在“ have +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语, have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义:

1. 意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如:

他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)

_____________________________________________________________

2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如:

当心,否则会弄伤手的。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。例如:

他今早把墙漆了。_____________________________________________

(主语自己可能参与)

B.易错点内容

区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语

一般说来,过去分词作宾语补足语时,宾语是动作的________;现在分词作宾语补足语时,宾语是动作的________。试比较:

我刚才发现他躺在草坪上。

_____________________________________________________________

我发现他被车撞了。

不定式作宾补,强调发生动作这一事实,也表明动作已结束。(动作全过程)I saw him come downstairs.

并列动作作作宾补且有动作先后顺序时需用不定式。

I saw him come in and sit down.

课堂跟踪反馈

1.---Did you see a red car ____ in front of our shop?

---Red one? It left just a moment ago.

A.park B.parking C.parked D.to park

2.---You shirt wants_____,Jack.

---Yes,it does.I am going to have it_____tomorrow.

A.to wash;washing B.to wash;washed

C.washing;washing D.washing;washed

3.The teacher could not make himself_____attention to because the students were so noisy.

A.to pay B.to be paid C.pay D.paid

4.Mr Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had_____was nowhere to be seen.

A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired

5.I found Jane_____at the desk,_____her homework carefully.

A.seated;doing B.sitting;do C.sat;does D.taking her seat;doing

6.When awoke,he found himself_____by an old woman.

A.looked after B.looking after

C.being looked after D.be looking after

7.-You look very tired,Linda.

--That’s because my parents_____the piano all the morning.

A.make me playing B.kept me from playing

C.had me playing D.got me play

8.I am sorry,I have left some of your questions______.

A.to unanswer B.unanswered C.unanswer D.unanswered

9.I wanted my watch_____,but my wife would rather have it____.

A.repaired;thrown B.repairing;thrown

C.repaired;throwning D.repairing;throwning

10.Keep your mouth_____and your eyes_____.

A.shut;open B.shutting;open C.shut;opened D.shutting;opened

11.两天之内把工作做好。

12.他住在一间木制的房子里。

13.从商店出来时他听到有人叫他的名字。

14.他出去时门未锁。

15.他醒来时发现世界全变了。

16.The shop owner will get all these ordered TV sets______(deliver) to the customers today.

17.The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself_____(hear)

18.The boy would like______(take) to the theater tonight.

19.The first tsxtbooks_____(wtite) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

20.Rather than_____(ride)on a crowded bus,he always prefers_____(ride) a bicycle.

key:

1-10 : C D D C A C C B A A

11、Get the work done within two days.

12、He lived in a house made of wood.

13、Coming out of the shop he heard his name called.

14、He left the door unlocked when he went out.

15、He found the word completely chenged when he woke up.

16.delivered

17.heard

18.to be taken

19.written

20.ride riding