情态动词+完成时的特殊含义

发布时间:2016-1-12 编辑:互联网 手机版

情态动词和动词原型连用,多表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度,但情态动词和完成时连用时,多用来表示对过去情况的看法或态度。

1. should+have+过去分词 表示过去“本应该┅”。而实际上该动作并未做,暗示说话人对自己的责备,抱怨或遗憾的意思。

We should have cut away the jungle brush.

我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。

How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.

我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。

Shouldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。

You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.

你本来不应该告诉任何人。

They shouldn’t have left so soon..

他们本来不应该去得那么早。

2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该。。。”而实际上未做。相当于“should + have + 过去分词”

You ought to have helped him.

你应该帮他一把。

You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week.

上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。

否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词 = shouldn’t + have +过去分词

eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away.

你不该把他的伞拿走。

He oughtn’t to have been there.

他本不应该到那去。

3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“一定, 相必,可能”。

What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher.

对这位年轻教师来说,教我这样的学生一定是个巨大的挑战。

Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

因为沟里涨满了水,昨晚一定下雨了。

表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”,一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。

Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.

乔不可能离开,刚才我还看见他了。

The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.

舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。

“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时,反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语(before 除外) 反意疑问句用did.

He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?

他准把作业做完了。对吗?

He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?

他昨晚上肯定参加会议了,是吗?

4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。用might + have + 过去分词可以用于肯定句,否定句,但不用于疑问句

In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.

作为报答,我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。

Might he have been caught and killed?

他有可能被抓住杀掉吗?

Might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测,有“本应该。。。”,但未实现的动作,含有婉转责备的意思。

You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.

我对你讲话时,你应该认真听才对。

You might have let me know before you went out.

外出之前,你应该先告诉我。

5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can + have + 过去分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句, 不用于肯定句。

Can he have gone yesterday?

难道他昨天就已经走了吗?

They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.

他们不可能在森林中迷路,因为我给他们画了一张画。

Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.

本周末贝尔不可能回家,今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。

“Can (could) + have + 过去分词” 也表示过去“本应该。。。”而未做。。。

John could have read his assignment while he waited for the doctor.

约翰在等医生的时候应该看一下他的作业。

Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday.

玛丽不可能去上学,今天是星期天。

在表示对过去某事的推测时,可用could/ might / may + 完成时。

They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.

他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。

6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”,有责备的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不应该。。。”的 事

Need you have watched TV last night?

你昨晚有必要看电视吗?

You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.

你没有必要这么早就叫醒我,(因为)今天是星期天。

7. would + have + 过去分词表示“本应该。。。”,而未。。。

We would have argued with you.

我们当时应该与你们争辩一下。

另外:would like to have + 过去分词表示过去希望做。。。,但未。。。

I would like to have seen the film.

我希望我当时看了这部电影。

I would like to have met her.