目标导引
1．单元词汇及短语
amusement,bungeejumping,free-fallride,minority,cartoon,thrill,attraction,
educate,conservation,souvenir,collection,castle,coastal,divide,section,shuttle,butterfly,injury,rocket,helicopter,civilization,achievement,prevent,handbag,
twist,darkness,imagination,designer,endless
2.单元句型
问路及其应答的交际用语
(1)问路的交际用语
Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?
Excuse me. Which … goes to…?
Excuse me. Dose this road lead to…,please?
Where can I find a …,please?
(2)应答的交际用语
It’s in that direction.
Go down/up this path/street/road…
It’s south/north of the…
Turn left/right at …
3.单元语法
The-ing Form used as Adverbial
核心知识
同义词辨析
1．look(at)和see
(1)look一般用作不及物动词，后跟介词at构成短语动词才能表示及物的意义。look表示有意识地看，强调“看”的动作。如：
Look!That’s a car.看！那是一辆车。
May I look at your new book?我可以看看你的新书吗？
look还可以作连系动词，作“看上去”解。如：
You look the same.你们看上去长得真像。
They look fine today.他们今天看上去气色不错。
Look at the picture.看那张画。
（2）see既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，是“有视力，有能力看见”的意思，强调“看”的结果，常与can连用，一般不用于进行时。如：
Can you see the door?你能看见那扇门吗？
It’s dark .I can’t see.太暗了，我看不见。
I can see some animals over there.我能看见那边有些动物。
A blind man can’t see anything.盲人看不见任何东西。
see还可以表示“会见”，“访问”，“观看”等意思。如：
See you again.再见。
Let’s go to see a film.咱们去看电影吧。
2.other和the other
(1)other意为“其他”，“另外”，用作形容词时可修饰单数或复数名词。如：
I study Chinese, English and other subjects.我学习汉语、英语和其他课程。
Have you any other book on this subject?你还有别的关于这个学科的书吗？
What other things can you see?你还能看见别的什么东西吗？
（2）the other意为两者中国消费者报的“另一个“，常与one连用。如：
Where is the other one? 另一个在哪里？
I have two pencils .One is red. the other is blue.
我 有两支铅笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。
This room is my bedroom; the other is my office.
这个房间是我的卧室，另一间是我的办公室。
the other还可以修饰复数名词，表示除前面提到的以外的“全部其余的”。如：
Two of the books are yours ,the other books are mine.
这些书里有两本是你的，其余的书是我的。
3．common, usual和ordinary
(1)common意为“普通的”，“平常的”，指常见的，常常发生的，不足为奇的。如：
The birds are very common here.这些鸟在这儿很常见。
The common man in every country is anxious for world peace.
每个国家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。
Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。
（2）usual意为“通常的“，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。如：
Tea is considered to be the usual drink in Britain.
在英国，茶被视为一种习惯性的饮料。
He arrived later than usual.他到得比平常晚一些。
Are you coming home at the usual time?你准备按往常的时间回家吗？
Yes ,I shall leave the office at the same time as usual?
是的，我将和平常一样准时离开办公室。
My usual chair had been moved from is usual place.
我平常用的椅子已从老地方移 开了。
（3）ordinary意为“通常的”，“普通的”，有“日常的”，“随时都可以碰到的”含意，与common意思相近。如：
An ordinary workday is eight hours.一个工作日通常是八个小时。
It was a very ordinary day today.今天是很平常的一天。
He is a little man with ordinary looking.他是个个子矮小，相普通的人。
Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble.
汤姆.索耶是个常常惹事生非的普普通通的美国男孩.
4.other和another
(1)other表示泛指,意为”另外的、别的、其它的“。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the ,this, some, any, each, every, no, one以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。注意下面other的几种变形：
others：它是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。如：
Many students are playing on the playground. Some are playing football; others are palying baskeball.
很多学生在操场上玩。一些人在踢足球；另一些人在打篮球。
the other:表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可后接单数名词。如：
The old man has two sons. One is a worker ,the other is a teacher.
这人老人有两人儿子。一个是工人，另一个是老师。
但如果the other后接复数名词，或者the othersg本身用复数形式（the others）,则可表示其余的全部。如：
We shall do some cleaning this afternoon. Group One will clean the wall. Group Two will clean the windows. The other students will sweep the floor.
我们今天下午要打扫卫生。第一组打扫墙。第二级打扫窗子。其余学生扫地。
（2）another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。它可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如：
This cap is too small for me. Show me another(one).
这个杯子对我来说太小了。给我另外一个。
We need another three assistants in our shop.我们商店还需要三个助手。
5．meet和meet with
(1)meet意为“相逢”，“遇见”；“连接”。如：
At Boston University, he met his wife,Coretta.
在波斯顿大学，认识了他的妻子科利塔。
I met my teacher in the street today.我今天在街上遇见了我的老师。
If you like ,we can meet you there.如果你愿意的话，我们在那儿接你。
Will you meet her at the station?你到车站去接她吗？
（2）meet with意为“偶然遭遇，碰到（尤指不愉快的事情）”；“会见，会晤”。如：
I met with some difficulties when I tried to enter the country.
我在入境时遇到了一些困难。
Our representatives met with several heads of state.
我们的代表会晤了几个国家的首脑。
6．wound, injuret和hurt
（1）wound一般指外伤，多指枪或锐器所造在的创伤，尤指在战争中受伤。如：
The soldier was sounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。
（2）injure指在事故中受伤。如：
There were two people injured in the car accident.
有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
She was injured badly in an accident during the work.
她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。
（3）hurt为一般用语，指精神上的伤害，也可指肉体的损伤。如：
Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。
She’s hurt because you haven’t visited her.
她很伤心，因为你没有去看她。
I was very much hurt at his words.他的话伤透了我的心。
7．way和method
两者都可以表示“方式”。
（1）way是普通用语，指做事的方法，也可泛指思考、生活方式等。如：
Some like the older ways of doing things.有些人喜欢处理事务的老办法。
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.
压力是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，无法逃避。
（2）method指“（系统的，具有一定理论依据的）方法”。如：
Our teacher is showing us a new method of writing
老师告诉我们一种书写的新方法。
There’s not much method in the way they do their accounts.Will you come to help them?
他们记账的方法没有什么条理，你能来帮帮他们吗？
8．go, become, get和grow
这几个词作系动词时，都可以表示“变成”的意思，但也有些区别。
（1）become, get和go通常表示变化的过程已经完成，有“变成了”的意思，但become比较正式，而get和go比较口语化。此外，become和get的变化可以是由好变坏，好可以是由坏变好，而go的变化通常是由好变坏。如：
The situation has become even worse/better.情况变得更糟/更好。
They are getting richer and richer/poorer and poorer.他们越来越富/穷。
The situation has gone even worse.
They are getting poorer and poorer.
（2）grow有逐渐“变化”之意。如：
My younger brother is growing tall.。我的弟弟渐渐长高了。
9.prevent,Stop和keep
表示“制止(阻止、防止)某人或某物做某事，有三种表达方式，可以互换。
1)prevent sb.(sth.) from doing sth.
2)stop sb.(sth.) from doing sth. from(常可省略)
3)keep sb.(sth.) from doing sth. from(不可省略)
eg.1)I think doing this can prevent such things (from) happening again.
我认为这样做能够防止再发生类似的事情。
2)Who can stop us (from) going if we want to go?
如果我们要去，谁能阻止得了呢？
3)Nothing will keep us from coming here.
什么也阻止不了我们到这里来。
10.divide 和separate
separate 把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔开来”，常与from搭配。
eg.1)The Taiwan Straits separates Taiwan from Fujian.
台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开了。
2)Please separate the white shirt from the colored ones.
请把白衬衫与其他颜色的衬衫分开。
此外，separate也可指离别之义。
eg.We are separated for the present.
我们暂时离别。
divede 指把整体“划分”成若干份，常与into搭配。
eg.1)The teacher devided the whole class into 5 groups.
老师把整个班级分成了五个小组。
2)The island is divided into two parts.
这个岛屿初分成两部分。
课文难点诠释
(1)A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a comman theme.
主题公园就是围绕着某一主题所设计的集车乘、展览及其他游乐项目为一体的公园。
That are based on a comman theme是一个由that引导的定语从句修饰限定a collection of rides, exhibition or other attractions.
定语从句在本单元出现较多，现举例如下：
1)A good example of a theme park that both educates and entertains is Ocean Park, in Hong Kong.
一个集教育与娱乐于一身的样板主题公园就是香港的海洋公园。
2)Visitors to Ocean Park will find all the rides and attractions that can be found in most parks, but…
去海洋公园参观的游管们将会在那里发现大多数公园都有的车乘和游乐项目。
3）The park has a conservation that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
这座公园有一个帮助保护在亚洲河流和沿海海域的海洋动物及栖息地的保护中心。
4)Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the film.
游客们能够坐上令其兴奋的车乘，体会做在电影里看到的英雄所做的事的感受。
在本句中出现了两个定语从句，一个是由where引出的定语从句，另一个是由省去的which或that引导的主语从句。
5)You sit in a car that“fall”from a tall tower and you scream your way down to a safe landing.
你坐在从高塔上跌下来的车中，一路尖叫着落到安全处。
(2)What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something.
它们的共通之处是将短语和学习机会结合在一起。
本句出现了两个名词性从句。
其一为what they all have in common为主语从句。其二为that they combine with the opportunity to learn something为表语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及同位语从句。
课文中出现的名词性从句列举如下：
1)But theme parkes also try to make sure that visitors leave knowing more about their theme.(宾语从句)
2)It seems that people just cannot get enough of scary rides and exciting adventures.(宾语从句)
3)So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air…(宾语从句)
4)For many visitors,rides are what theme parks are all abort…(表语从句)
(3)If there isn’t one where you live get, don’t worry, the theme parks are coming.
如果在你住的地方还没有主题公园的话，不要着急，马上就会有的。
本句含着一个由whose引出的地点状语从句。
(4)Entering one of the attractions at Universal studios like stepping into the world of your favourite film.
进入环球影城的一个娱乐项目，就像踏进你更喜欢的电影世界。
本句中entering和stepping均为动名词，前者作主语，后者作介词like的宾语。
又如：
The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allow us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury.
本句中出现的动名词being和risking均作介词without的宾语。
(5)Some thrill rides will let you feel what it is like to fall through the air.
有些动感电影会让你有自天而降的感受。
1)let为使义动词，后面接动词原形作宾语。
例如：let/have/make sb. do
注意：get sb. to do
2)What it is (feels) like to do sth.
其中it 为形式主语，to do sth.作真正的主语。
译为：做某事有什么样的感受，或是什么样的主语。
3)So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air…
语法基础知识
“-ing”形式在句子中作状语
分词或分词短语在句中可以作状语修饰谓语或整个句子，说明谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况，可以用下面句型来表示：
分词/分词短语+ 主语+谓语动词+……
分词或分词短语修饰谓语动词，分词或分词短语也可以修饰全句。
分词或分词短语用来说明谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况
根据现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后，我们应选择现在分词的不同形式在句型中作状语，若现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时存在，或同时发出，则用现分词的的一般式，若现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前则用现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。
一、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况：
1.分词动作一生发，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear,see arrive, return, get to ,look, open, close, leave, trun around, walk 等，表示一个极短暂时动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作“一(刚)……就……”。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。如：
hearing their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
(=On hearing their teacher’s voice…=When they heard their teacher’s voice, the pupils…)
一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when/while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when\ while 引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态如：
Don’t be careless when/while having an exam
= Don’t be careless in having an exam.
=Don’t be careless when/ while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while.
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done 的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after/when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如：
Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.
After having finished his homework, the boy…
After/when he had finished his homework, the boy…
二、现在分词在句中作原因状语
1.分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
=Because he didn’t know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.
2.当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如：
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。
三、现在分词短 语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you’ll succeed.= If you work hard, you’ll succeed.
如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the the park.= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。
四、分词短语在句中作让步状语
分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though.
现在分词短语作让步状语，分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语，变成状语从句时，需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone. = Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone.
虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。
五、分词短语在句中作结果状语
现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus.
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
=their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.
他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
六、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况
分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的。它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。过去分词可以主明谓语动作的背景。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。如：
the children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.
那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.
在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。
时尚口语交际
叙述过去的经历和按顺序描述事件
1.-Could you tell me what happened to you yesterday? 你能告诉我昨天你所遇到的事吗？
----All right. When I was crossing the street, I was almost hit by a car. Luckily, I jumped back in time.好的。当我过马路时，差点儿被一辆小汽车撞上。幸亏我及时向后跳。
2. ---What did you think at that time? 你当时是怎么想的？
---I had no time to think. I called the fire emergency number 119 immediately.
我没有时间考虑。我立即打了火警电话119。
---What did you do after that? 之后你怎么做的？
---I took out some towels, wetted them , and put them on me .
我拿出几条毛巾，弄湿后放在身上。
3. ---Did you experience the war in 1949?你经历过1949年那场战争吗？
---Sure I did. I’ll never forget that. 当然经历了。我永远不会忘记那件事的。
4. ---When did the accident happen?事故是何时发生的？
--- At about three o'clock yesterday afternoon.大约昨天下午三点钟。
5. ---Have you ever experienced a natural disaster?你经历过一次自然灾难吗？
---Yes, That was in the summer of 1991. Many villages were flooded in our hometown.
是那。那是在1991年的夏天。我们家乡许多村庄被淹没了。
----What was it like?它的情形如何？
---It's terribe.很可怕。
6. ---What happened next?接下来发生了什么事？
---Many people tried to run out. 很多人拼命向外跑。
7. ---Can you describe what he is like? 你能描述一下他的样子吗？
---Yes, He's about 5 feet and very thin. 好的。他大约5英尺，很瘦。
8. ---Were you frightened at that time? 你当时害怕吗？
---Yes. I was too scared to see anything. 是的。我吓得什么也没看见。
9.---How did you feel when you saw the elephant?看到大象时你有什么感觉？
---Very excited, for I had never seen it before.很兴奋，因为之前我从没有见过大象。
10.---What were you doing when the earthquake happened? 地震发生时你下在干什么？
---I was watching TV at home. 我正在家里看电视。
11. ---What did you do when the fire broke out? 发生火灾时你做了什么？
---First, I ran downstairs. Next, I called the fire alarm. Then, I rushed into the burning house. Finally I rescued two children.
首先我跑下楼。之后打火警电话，再之后我冲进燃烧的屋子，最后我救出两个小孩。
典型例题
【例1】_______from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
精析 状语是for years，要用现在分词的完成时。经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦，怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。
答案 C
【例2】He sent me an E-mail,________ to get further information.
A. hope B.hoping
C. to hope D. hope
精析 现在分词hoping表示与send me an E-mail同时发生的动作。不定式做目的状语时，其正确形式是：He sent me an E-mail ,to get further information.
答案 B
【例3】________ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering
C.To suffer D.Suffered
精析 从already一词可知，要用现在分词的完成式。由于已经受到如此严重的污染，现在清理河道可能太晚了。
答案 A
【例4】The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks ________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add
C. adding D. added
答案 C