Unit 3 Body language
Useful expressions
1. one another 互相、彼此
Liz and I have known one another for years. | They often stay at one another's houses. 对比: They were holding each other's hands. | We had a lot to tell each other about our trip.
2. take … for example 以… 为例
Take nodding the head for example. 以点头为例吧。Take water for example , it is made up of two gases──hydrogen and oxygen .以水为例，它是由氢和氧两种气体组成的。对比: Let’s take Lei Feng as a good example for all of us to follow .让我们把雷锋当作我们大家学习的好榜样。
3. do research on … 对…做研究
He has done a great deal of research on that subject. 他对那个课题做了大量研究。Scientists have done some research on "Touch" in different countries. 科学家已经对不同国家里的“接触”情况进行了一些研究。
4. follow the custom 遵守习俗
Foreigners should follow these customs when they are visiting these countries. 外国人在访问这些国家的时候，必须遵守这些习惯。掌握下面follow的意思: You should follow the rules of the lab when you are doing experiments. 做实验时你们应该遵守实验室的规则。 Follow his suggestions, and you'll be successful sooner or later. 遵循他的建议，你迟早会成功的。
5. keep away 远离、不许靠近
Children should be kept away from the river. 小孩子应该远离这条河。You'd better keep away (from me). I have a bad cold.我患了重感冒，你最好不要靠近我。The Arab who is friendly will stand close to his friend, but the Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away. 表示友好的阿拉伯人会站得离他的朋友很近，而英国人则会往后退，以保持一定的距离。
Sentence patterns
It's a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴认识您。In France, it is the custom to shake hands with people in the office every morning. 在法国，每天早上跟办公室里的人握手是一种习惯。
it 在这里的虽然占着主语的位置但却好像没有实际内容，实际充当主语的是to后的成份。为了避免头重脚轻情况出现，英文中出现了形式主语的结构，它的构成一般是这样的：It is /was + 名词/形容词 + (for/of sb) to do sth 如：It is the duty for us to help each other. 帮助别人对我们来说是一种责任。 It is very difficult to learn English well. 学好英语很难。
Language tips
1. You must be Dr Yang. 你一定是杨博士吧。
must 在这里表示猜测。如：It's already ten o'clock. My mother must be angry. 已经十点钟了，我妈妈一定生气了。We thought the teacher must be joking. 我们以为老师一定是在开玩笑。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地上湿的。
2. No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不，谢谢。我可以自己提。
manage在本句中指“设法对付”: It's heavy, but I can manage it. 它很重，但我能对付得了。 The bear can manage to live through the winter without eating anything. 熊一冬天不吃东西也能活下来。又manage与try的辨异: manage常指“想方设法而成功地做成某事”，强调结果。try常指“试图或努力做某事，成功与否不清楚”。如：He managed to get the housework done with very little help .在没有多少帮助的情况下，他把家务活干完了。He tried to get the housework done with very little help .他企图在没有多少帮助的情况下，把家务活干完。
3. Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words. 当我们和别人谈话的时候，我们可能没有意识到我们并不仅仅通过词语表达自己的意思。
短语 make sb./sth.do/done 意思是：使某人或某事被...。make sb/sth do，宾语与动词之间是主动关系。make sb/sth done 宾语与动词之间是被动关系。如：He makes me clean the table.
他让我擦桌子。（我主动进行清理工作）I tried my best, but I couldn’t make my view known. 我尽了最大努力，但未能使我的观点被知道（被别人知道）。I had to shout to make myself heard above the music.
掌握realize的用法: Do you realize that you're an hour late? None of us realised the danger we were in. Tim didn't realize his mistake until the next day.
4. Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement. 点头表示赞成，而摇头表示不赞成。
这里的while是连词，连接两个并列分句，表示对比，相当于我们汉语的“而”。当然它表达的转折含义不如but强烈。如：I like music, while he enjoys sports. 我喜欢音乐，而他喜欢运动。对比: They arrived while we were having dinner.
5. But not all body language means the same thing in different countries. 但是，并不是所有的体态在不同的国家里都表示相同的意思。这是部分否定，全部否定应怎么说？
6. Men do not kiss each other in either China or English-speaking countries. 在中国或在讲英语的国家里，男人们见面时彼此不亲吻。
either... or... 表示“(两者之中)…或… (之一)” 如：You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house. 你可以住在饭店或私人的家里。I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或者伦敦游览一下。Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是我错。
注意：either...or…多为“两者之中的其中之一”的选择，但有时也可表示三者之中的选择。如：You can have either milk, orange juice or cola.牛奶、橙汁、可乐三种之中，你可以挑任何一种喜欢的来喝。
7. French people kiss each other hello and goodbye more often than British people. 法国人在问候和告别时相互亲吻多于英国人。
kiss (sb) goodbye/ hello 与某人亲吻问好或告别。如：They kissed goodbye when they departed.
他们互相吻别。 He kissed me hello when we met. 见面时，他亲吻我表示问好。 英文中这样的结构并不少见，除了kiss (sb) goodbye/hello 之外还有 wave sb goodbye 挥手道别。
8. Generally, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much. 一般说来，讲英语国家的人互相之间没有太多的身体接触。 “一般说来”还可译为 generally speaking
9. 区别custom与habit
custom主要是群体性的不断演变而成的习惯，代表一个国家或者地区的传统，即“习俗、风俗”。habit是指一个动作反复发生，习惯成自然。如：Social customs are greatly different from country to country .各个国家的社会风俗习惯很不相同。Biting his fingers is his habit .咬手指是他的习惯。可用在一起：Their customs and habits are different from ours .他们的风俗习惯与我们的不同。
10. In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. 在亚洲一部分地区，坐着时不允许把脚朝着别人。
这里出现了“with+复合宾语”的结构，由with + 名词+-ing”形式组成，在句中做伴随状语，进一步说明sit的姿势。如：I lay on the grass, with my eyes looking at the stars in the sky. 我躺在地上，眼睛望着天空的星星。point at指向，对准: He pointed his gun at the thief .他把枪对准了小偷。
11. It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking. 对阿拉伯人来说，和朋友谈话时站得很近，是有礼貌的。
manners 这里是“礼貌”的意思，当这个意思讲时它总是以复数的形式出现。如：It's bad manners to speak with your mouth full. 说话时嘴里塞满东西是不礼貌的。have good manners有礼貌，have no manners没礼貌
12. City people in Britain and the United States stand closer than those who live in the country. 英国和美国的城里人又比那些住在乡村的人站得更近。
我们常用that代替前面所提到的名词单数, 用those代替复数: The weather here is much warmer than that of Beijing. In my opinion the finest wines are those from France. 依我看来，最好的酒是法国出产的酒。
13. Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. 正确地运用体态语有助于人们进行交际，而且会使人们在外国逗留时感到轻松又愉快。
本句是动名词结构做主语，又如: Reading a lot helps (to) improve English. 大量阅读对提高英语水平有帮助。make sb/sth + 形容词, 表示“使...成...”，如：His gift made her very happy. 他的礼物令她非常快乐。Please make yourself comfortable. 请自便。
Grammar
复习和掌握动词不定式的用法
They don't like to be too close to one another. 作宾语
They will move back to keep a certain distance away. 作状语
Would you like me to do something for you? 作宾语补足语
Have you got anything to say? 作后置定语
It is a pleasure to meet you. 作主语
Waving one's hand is to say “Goodbye”. 作表语
I don't know how to communicate with foreigners. 与疑问词连用
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
教你怎样使用打字机 向周围的人传递信息
点头 被作为……接受或认可
以……为例 吻别
说英语的国家 对……进行研究
对着，指向…… 遵守这些习俗
保持一定的距离 住在乡下
Sentences:
1.我们并不仅限于用语言来让人明白自己的意思。
2.在法国，每天早晨在办公室和人握手是一种习俗。
3.阿拉伯人同朋友谈话时，和他站得很近，这是表示有礼貌。
4.正确使用参考书，有助于提高你的学习。
5.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
6.由一个男孩带路，他们很容易找到了那个村子。