暑假英语辅导
一、 重点学习：
（1）动名词放在句首作主语和跟在介词后作宾语的用法。
（2）动词不定式的用法（作后置定语的用法）。
（3）中考中what和how的区分考查。
（4）how提问方式状语，巩固how often , how soon, how long和how far的用法。
（5）重点短语和语法复习。
（1）动名词：放在句首作主语和跟在介词，及物动词后作宾语的用法。动名词及其短语作主语谓语常用单数。
① （walk）after supper is good for our health.
②We often learn English by (memorize) grammar. 介词：at, in , on, of , from, for, about, with, without, against , be used to
新目标英语常见跟doing的几种情形：
⑴finish doing sth.完成做某事
⑵practice doing sth 练习做某事
⑶be worth doing sth 值得做某事
⑷be busy doing sth忙于做某事
⑸keep doing sth始终/一直做…
⑹be used to doing sth习惯做某事
⑺give up doing sth 放弃做某事
⑻consider doing sth考虑做某事
⑼suggest doing sth建议做某事
⑽can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事
⑾feel like doing sth想要做某事
⑿enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事
⒀miss doing sth思念做某事
⒁mind doing sth介意做某事
⒂prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜欢做某事
⒃look forward to doing sth 期望做某事
⒄have a hard / good time (in) doing sth 愉快地做某事
⒅spend … (in) doing sth
⒆have trouble/ difficulty/ hard (in) doing sth费力地做某事
⒇have fun (in) doing sth.
(21)go swimming/ fishing/ camping/ trekking/ hiking/ shopping
(22)do some reading/ cleaning/ writing/ listening
(23)begin/ start to do sth.与 doing sth
love/ like/ hate to do sth 与 doing sth
remember/ forget to do sth （中考点）与doing sth
try to do sth （中考点）尽力干某事与doing sth试着干某事
stop to do sth停下来干某事与doing sth.停止干某事
24. There be +名词+ doing sth （现在分词）
25.感官动词hear , listen to, look at , see, watch, notice, find +宾语 + doing sth.（现在分词）
1.Have you finished (copy)the new words ?
2. He likes (play) soccer , this is his hobby.
3. Schoolboys enjoy (play) computer games, while schoolgirls enjoy (chat) online.
4. Would you mind (take) these books to the teachers’ office for me?
5. The teacher kept the students (practice) exercises.
6. We are busy (get) ready for the important exam these days.
7. The girls do some (shop) every Sunday.
8. Let’s go (swim) , shall we?
9. This novel is worth (read).
10. He spent twenty thousand yuan (spend) his holiday abroad.
11. The pianist practices (play) the piano every night.
12. He’s feeling sick. He doesn’t feel like (eat) or drinking anything.
13. Thank you for (tell) me so much information.
14. She prefers (dance) to (sing) a song.
15. She dislikes (eat) meat, because she wants to be slim(苗条).
16. Mrs Green hates (travel) by air. She always falls asleep during the flight.
17. He started (learn) Chinese Kungfu at the age of five.
18. When the teacher came in student all stopped (talk).
19. They are having fun (make) model planes.
20. Jim had trouble (learn) Chinese.
21. (swim) is far more comfortable than (run) in hot summer.
22. Edison’s father saw him (sit) on some eggs one day.
23. Listen! Can you hear someone (hum) a song next door.
24. I found him (lie) in bed, tired and pale(脸色苍白).
25. The fans watched the soccer stars (practice) playing soccer yesterday afternoon.
26. Little Tom was interested in (try) out his new ideas in his own lab.
27. If you want to be healthy, you are supposed to give up (smoke).
28. Are you for or against (stay) here for night?
29. William Pan has got used to (live) in Amoy, look forward to (meet) him at Xiamen University.
31. I remembered (lend) him a thousand yuan.
新目标英语动词不定式的用法及固定结构
（2）动词不定式的用法（作后置定语的用法）。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语--动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：
1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.
2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
常用句式：It is /will be +形容词/名词+of sb + to do sth.
（中考必考点）It is /will be +形容词+for sb + to do sth.
（形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary）
二、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to即why not+动词原形。如：
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?
2)I don’t know what to do next.
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语--动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如：
I find it difficult to remember everything. （同义句）
= I find that it’s difficult to remember everything.
三、作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（1）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。（to do sth =in order to do sth）
（2）作结果状语。如：
He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如：I’m sorry to hear your grandma is ill.
听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
（4）在带有enough或too的句子里作状语，表程度。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学年龄了。
（5）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：
The bus stopped in order to pick up passengers.
四、作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况。
（1）作动词ask, teach , tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：
He asked me to talk about English study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
（2）作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。如：
The teacher made him say the word like this.
老师让他像这样说这个单词。
（3）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。如：
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box？
你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？
五、作定语
（1）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。
（2）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如：
Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。
①There is some room for us to live in.
②I have no pen to write with.
③There is nothing to worry about.
④Would you please give me a chair to sit on.
⑤She has no paper to write on.
⑥I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
（3）序数词和形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。如：
Tom is the first to come to school today.
Memorizing grammar is the best way to learn English well.
Hangzhou is a good place to visit.
真有用固定用法：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth
同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
计划做某事plan to do sth.★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓励某人做
帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事 hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
why not/why don’t you +动原？为什么不.?Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）
助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形
1.征求对方意见和提建议的句子
①Shall we play basketball?
②Let’s play basketball.
③Why don’t we see a film?
④Would you like to watch TV?
⑤Would you please go to the movies?
⑥You’d better listen to me carefully.
⑦What / how about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ?
2.By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by noon在中午前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
㊣by表“用……方法/手段/方式”时，后接名词、代词或动名词，接交通工具名称时其前无限定词。
㊣in 用……语言（语调、笔墨、颜色）
What’s this in English?这个用英语是什么？
Please write in ink.请用墨水写。
The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。
㊣with“用……工具”，后接具体名词，其前有限定词。
I can see with my eyes and hear with my ears.
Ask him to writer with a pencil.
3.how与what的区别：
how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。
①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语)
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
① What…think of…? How…like…?
② What…do with…? How…deal with…?
③ What…like about…? How…like…?
④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
⑤ What to do? How to do it?
⑥ What are you? How are you?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?
I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it.
What do you like about China?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?
㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ）
㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! （day为可数名词，其前要加 a ）
4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书read aloud或说话上think aloud（自言自语）。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。in a loud voice
sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。（不可数名词）
noise 指噪音、吵闹声 make a noise
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等）
例：I find him friendly.
I found a boy crying in the garden.
We found him in bed.
He found the window closed.
We found her honest.
7. 常见的系动词有：
①是：am 、is、 are
②保持：keep、 stay 、remain
③ 转变：become、 get、 turn
④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语+宾补（形容词 过去分词 动词不定式） 使某种情况发生
例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净
Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. difference（可数名词）different（形容词）differently副词
①There are differences between the two countries.
②be different from----be the same as
③feel differently
11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员
join the party / the English club/ the army
attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in表示参加正在进行的活动。take part in指参加到某项活动中去。有时二者可以替换。take an active part in
13.all、 both、以及every的复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alone
be afraid to do sth.害怕
be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也”
②两者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则
④too=as well 放在肯定句句末
⑤also 放在be动词之后实义动词之前
16．forget与leave
forget表示忘记某人或某事，而leave表示在某地忘记拿或带上。leave+名词+地点（中考点）
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。
例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦，困难
19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.
如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
20.instead: adv. 代替，更换。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？
我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？
Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。
instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语
speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。speaking skills讲英语的能力
22. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
23. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
24. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+形容词或副词 + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
The bag is too heavy for me to carry.
The bag is not light enough for me to carry.
The bag is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
25. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 =not in the slightest 如：
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
Not at all. 常用来回答Would you mind doing sth?
26.be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
27. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② begin with sth. 以…开始 如：
The party began with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而开始。
28. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
29.some time, sometime, some times, sometimes.
分开为一段，相连为某时；分开s为倍次，相连s为有时。
It takes me some time to finish my homework. --=How long
She will see each other sometime . 常用于将来时。
She has been to Beijing sometimes.
I sometimes fly kites on Sunday. 常用于现在时。
30. make mistakes 犯错
mistake sb. for …把……错认为……
make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错
by mistake 错误地；由于搞错
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
31. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）
如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
32. take notes 做笔记，做记录
33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
34. native speaker 说本族语的人
35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
36. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
37. practice doing 练习做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
make a decision .作出决定
39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
40. worry about sb./ sth. =be worried about 担心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 be angry at sth因某事生气
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
I was angry at her work.我因她的工作而生气。
42. perhaps === maybe 也许
43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。
44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。
一感feel 二听hear , listen to 三让let ,make , have 四看watch ,notice , see, look at 半帮助help 常跟动词原形。
45. each other 彼此
46. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
47. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful
48. change… into… 将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
49. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
50. compare … to … 把…与…比作
compare …with… 与什么做比较
We often compare the teachers to bees.我们常把老师比作蜜蜂。
Compare A with B, I prefer A.A与B相比，我更喜欢A。
二、短语：
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡
2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗读
4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如
7.have fun 玩得高兴
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited 高兴，激动
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做有关…的调查
12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记
13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语
14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
16.practise speaking English 练习说英语
17.first of all 首先
18.begin with 以…开始
19.later on随后
20.in class在课堂上
21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 记笔记
23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…
24.write down 写下，记下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询
26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮
28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待，处理，解决
30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气
32.stay angry 生气
33.go by 消逝
34. regard…as… 把…当做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨
36. change…into… 把…变成… （= turn into）
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下
38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about) 想起，想到
40.physical problems身体上的问题
41.break off 中断，突然终止
42. not…at all 根本不，全然不
三、句子
1.How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备？
2.I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.
记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么？
14.Most people speak English as a second language.
英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题？
16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话
新目标八年级上
Unit 1 How often do you study?
重点句型：
----What do you usually do on weekends?
在周末你通常干什么？
-----I usually play soccer. 我通常打网球。
-----What do they do on weekends? 在周末他们干什么？
-----They often go to the movies. 他们经常去看电影。
-----What does he do on weekends? 在周末他干什么？
-----He sometimes watches TV. 他有时候看电视。
-----How often do you shop? 你多久购物一次？
-----I shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。
-----How often does Cheng watch TV? 陈多久看一回电视？
-----He watches TV twice a week. 他每周看两次电视。
重点语法：How often是用来提问频率的，表频率的词有：always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever, every day / week / month. Once a day, twice a week , three times a day…. 这些词常是一般现在时的信号词。
① I exercise every day. --------How often do you exercise?
② He does his homework three or four times a week. ( do)
短语 意义 常用时态 常提问的词或短语
how often 每隔多久 一般现在时 always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever, never, every day…
how soon 再过多久 一般讲来时 in + 一段时间
how long 多久 现在完成时 for +一段时间；since + 一般过去时的句子/ 过去的时间点
重 点 词 汇
1. how often多久一次 2. as for关于，至于
3. junk food垃圾食品 4. eating habits饮食习惯
5. look after照看，照料 6. watch TV看电视
7. be good for对……有益 8. on weekends在周末
9. twice a week每周一次 10. go to the movies去看电影
11. three or four times a month一个月三四次
12. once or twice a week一星期一两次
13. pretty healthy十分健康
14. help me get good grades帮助我取得好成
15. the same as与……相同 16. kind of 有点儿
17. hardly ever几乎不
18. keep healthy保持健康=keep in good health
19. go shopping 去购物
20. play with computer同电脑玩耍
21. play computer games玩游戏
22. play sports = take exercise（不可数）进行锻炼
22. the result for ……的结果
23. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事
24. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人干某事
25. be different from 与……不同
26. go surfing 去冲浪
27. surf the Internet 上网；网上冲浪
28. have an unhealthy lifestyle 有一种不健康的生活方式
重 点 短 语 及 用 法
1.My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grade.(help后的不定式可带可不带to)
2.Good food and exercise help me to study better.
3.Maybe I’m not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit.
（but和though/although不能同时连用）
4.I sleep for nine hours every night.（for+一段时间要用how long来划线提问）
5.I look after my health. （look after = take good care of 照看；照料）
6.My eating habits are very good.(eating为动名词，作habits的定语)
7.I try to eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.
(try to do sth.尽力干某事；try doing sth. 尝试干某事)
8．-- How often do you eat fruit? ---- I eat fruit every day.
--- Do you like it? -- Yes, it’s good for my health.
---(No. But my mother wants me to eat it. She says it’s good for my health.)
需 注 意 几 个 细 节 知 识
1. exercise 的用法：
① exercise作不及物动词，意思是“运动，锻炼”
My father exercises (动词单三)three times a day.我父亲每天锻炼三次。
② 作可数名词意为“练习，操”
I have a lot of exercises （可数名词复数）to do after school every day.每天放学后我有许多练习要做。
do morning exercises做早操; do eye exercises做眼保健操.
③ 作不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”
You should take more exercise （不可数名词）if you want to be healthier.如果你想更健康，应该多运动。（每年常考more 和healthier两个比较级 much-more; healthy---healthier ）
2.here 的用法：(常考查主谓一致 和倒装问题，请掌握)
① here位于句首时，主语如果为代词则用半倒装，即谓语在主语之后；主语如果为名词则用全倒装，即谓语在主语之前。
Here comes the bus.车来了。（动词comes在名词bus之前）
Here he comes.他来了。（动词comes在代词he之后）
② here be 结构中，be的单复数取决于最靠近be这个名词的单复数。
Here are (be) your books.你的书在这儿。
Here is (be) your tea.你的茶在这儿。
3.maybe 与may be的区别：(常考查二者同义句的转化，请掌握)
① maybe是副词，意为“或许；大概”相当于perhaps，probably 放在句首作状语。
Maybe he can help you.
② may be 是情态动词may+动词原形be组成的，是动词短语常作谓语。
He may be at home. = Maybe he is at home.
3. although 与but (常考查二者同义句的转化，请掌握)
Although为从属连词，意思是“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；but为并列连词，与although不能同时使用，但although可与still和yet连用①Although; / ② /; although ③ /; but (正确)
Although he is old, he is still healthy.= He is old, but he is still healthy.尽管他很老，但是仍然健康
㊣ 请跟我学how吧？ ㊣
1.how 问交通方式 ---How do you go to school every day?
---I go to school by bike.
2.how long问多长时间 ---How long does it take you to get from home to school? ---It takes me 15 minutes by bike.
3.how often问动作发生频率 ---How often do you go to the movies? ---Once a week.
4.how far问距离 ---How far is it from your home to school? ---4 miles.
5.how old问年龄 ---How old is your sister?
---She is five.
6.how soon问时间过了多久 ----How soon will he come back? ----In an hour.
7.how many+可数名词复数问多少 ----How many students are there in your class. ----There are 84 students in our class.
8.how much+不可数名词 问多少 -----How much did you pay for this book? ------I paid 24 dollars for this book.
9.how about提建议或询问情况 ---How about going out for a walk? ---How about your mother recently?
第一单元相关知识
1、问次数用how many times ；
I often go home three times a month. →How many times do you often go home a month?
I often go home three times a month. → How often do you go home?
2、hard 与hardly
①hard既可作形容词，修饰名词 hard work（艰苦的工作），又可作副词，常放在动词之后修饰动词work hard（努力地工作）
It rained hard / heavily yesterday afternoon.昨天下午天下大雨。
②hardly不是hard的副词，本身为否定意义的副词，意为“几乎不”。相当于almost not / seldom常考查其所在句子的反义疑问句。前否后肯。
Tom hardly went to the movies last week, did he?
Tom went to the movies last week, didn’t he ?
3、health（副词） healthy（形容词） →healthily
luck（副词） lucky （形容词）→luckily
noise（副词） noisy （形容词）→noisily
① keep healthy=stay healthy=keep in good health保持健康
② have a healthy lifestyle 养成一种健康的生活方式 / have an unhealthy lifestyle
③ eat and drink healthily 饮食要健康
④ Good luck！ 祝你走运！
⑤ You are very lucky. 你真幸运
⑥ Luckily, he wasn’t hurt badly when he fell off the bike.幸运的是，他从自行车上谁下来没有受伤。
⑦ Don’t make noise.
4、one（序数词）first （次数）once； two（序数词）second（次数）twice
5、Look! The surfer is surfing. He often surfs twice a day. surf Internet上网，网上冲浪
6、not……any = no
I have no money with me. = I don’t have any money with me.
7、①be different from ----be the same as
②feel differently
③There are some differences between the two countries.
8、------Happy New Year. ------ The same to you.
------Happy birthday to you! -------Thank you.
9、① although / though , / ② / , but
10. I often shop with my mother on weekends.=I often go shopping with my mother on weekends.
11. keep doing sth. 一直干某事 keep out 防止……进入
keep sb. + adj. keep you healthy keep the classroom clean (clean) (这儿不能用cleaning)
keep sb. doing sth. keep you waiting for a long time (wait) 让你久等了
12. eat less (little的比较级)food and take more（much的比较级） exercise.
13. May he is a teacher. = He may be a teacher.
14. look after = take (good) care of
look like = be like = take after = be similar to 看起来像……
15. three glasses of milk 三杯牛奶。
不可数名词要用量词+of ……来表达复数
16. As for English, I like it very much.
就英语而言，我非常喜欢。
We all came, but as for him , he didn’t come.我们都来了，但至于他，他没有来。
17. No smoking! No photos! No parking here!
18. on the Internet 在网上，通过网络 on the phone on the radio
新目标八年级下
Unit 1 Will people have robots ?
一般将来时的三种基本结构：
⑴ will +V.
⑵ be going to +V.
⑶ be + Ving
will / shall +动词原形（无论何种人称，都必须用原形）
shall适用于第一人称I，We
will适用于所有人称。
will , shall均可以缩写为’ll，如I will = I’ll
she will = she’ll否定式：will not = won’t shall not = shan’t
1. 主谓（宾）句型的一般将来时
形式：主语+ will / shall +动词原形+（宾语）+其他
eg. You will leave for Shanghai next week .下周，你将去上海。
一般疑问式：把will / shall提到主语前面。
Will you leave for Shanghai next week ?
Yes, I will . / No , I won’t .
特殊疑问式：疑问词+ will +主语+动词原形+其他？
（注：无论哪种人称，只要有will，就必须用动词原形）
When will you leave for Shanghai ?
Next week .
或Who will leave for Shanghai next week ?
Mr. Brown will do .
又am、is、are等系动词的原形为be
eg. I will be a doctor in ten years .
十年后，我将成为一名医生。
一般疑问：Will you be a doctor in ten years ?
Yes , I will . / No , I won’t .
特殊疑问：What will you be in ten years ?
2. “There be”句型的一般将来时
结构：①There will be +名词+其他成份。意为“将会有……”
eg. There will be 2500 students in our school next year .
明年，我们学校将会有2500名学生。
否定句：There won’t be any people here next year .
明年，这里将不会有任何人了。
②一般疑问句：will提到句首，there之前
eg . Will there be fewer trees in the future ?
Yes , there will . / No , there won’t .
注：在“there will be”句型中，无论后面加什么，be都用原形。
③There be sb. / sth. doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做某事。
Look, there is a boy playing basketball on the playground.
④There used to be … 过去常常某地有什么。,didn’t there
⑤There live / lie / stand …某地居住着/躺着/ 站着……
more , fewer , less的用法
①more（更多）+可数名词(C)复数及不可数名词(U)
② few /fewer（更少）+可数名词(C)的复数
③ little/ less（更少）+不可数名词(U)
如：more pollution更多的污染（(U)）
more leisure time更多的休闲时光（(U)）
more cars更多的汽车（(C)复数）
fewer trees更少的树（(C)复数）
fewer people更少的人（people是集体名词）
less money更少的钱（money是不可数名词）
less milk更少的牛奶
一般将来时中，注意时间状语的用法
十年后，in ten years = ten years from now以现在算起，常用语将来时；
after从过去算起，常用于一般过去时。
after ten years一般用于过去时中
might“可能”、“可以”，是情态动词，表示现在或将来有可能做某事，或表示对可能有所怀疑，认为不一定发生。语气委婉。
① I might even keep a pet parrot .
我甚至可能养一只宠物鹦鹉。
② It might be difficult for them to talk .
对他们而言，交谈似乎很困难。
look + adj.“看上去……”
I will look smart during the week .
在平时，我看上去会很漂亮、整洁。
又如：look happy ; look sad
see sb do sth看到某人做某事，do前面必须省掉“to”
有些动词后面不用“to”
如：make、let、hear、see、feel、watch、notice等，help后面可加可不加to。
①If you wear jeans , the teachers will not let you go to the party .
如果你穿牛仔裤，老师们将不让你去参加聚会。
② I heard the girls sing the song .（已唱过歌）
我听见女孩子们唱过那首歌。
试比较：I heard the girls singing the song .（强调正在唱）
我听见女孩子们正在唱那首歌。
重要词组
1.in 100 years一百年以后
2. live to be 200 years old活到200岁
3. study at home在家学习
4. fall in love with…. 爱上....
5. keep a pet parrot养一只宠物鹦鹉
6. live alone独居
7. in college在大学
8. space station太空站
9. look smart看上去时髦
10. wear a suit穿一套衣服
11. dress more casually穿着更随意
12. fly to the moon飞向月球
13. the World Cup世界杯
14. the head of the company公司领导
15. come true实现
16. be able to .能,会
17. help with the housework帮做家务活
18. get bored (of) 厌倦...
19. in the future未来,将来
20. have one’s own robot有自己机器人
21. hundreds of数以百计
22. just like就像...
23. seem impossible似乎不可能
24. from now (on) 从现在开始
25. win the match赢得比赛
26. live in an apartment住在公寓里
27. Olympic Games .奥运会
28. bet on打赌
29. paper money纸币
30. credit card信作卡
31. five years ago. 五年前
32. a piece of paper一张纸
33. far away遥远
34. it seems /seemed that... 似乎是...
35. It is possible for sb. to do sth对...来说做...是可能的
36. less than少于
37. more than多于.超过
38. a lot more people更多的人
39. less pollution. 较少的污染
40. science fiction科幻小说
41. a useful dictionary一本有用的字典
42. a polluted river一条污染的河
43. a pleasant day令人愉快的一天
44. the same …as与...一样
45. here and there到处
46. over and over again一遍又一遍
47. try to do sth .尽力做(某事)
48. make sb do sth. 使...做...
49. far from距...远,远离
50. on the Internet在因特网上
51. on computers在电脑上
52. make predictions做预言
Unit 2
一、知识点
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth.
There used to be ….（反意疑问句）didn’t there?
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to
疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
①be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.
Mr Li used to live in America, so he is used to eating western dishes.李先生过去住在美国，所以习惯吃西餐。
②be used to do =be used for doing 被……用来做
Fire can be used to cook food.=Fire can be used for cooking food. 火能被用来做饭。
2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词
put on 表示动作.
dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneself
have on表示状态（不用于进行时态）
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.（中考点）
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
-----Don’t you remember me?
----- A ？You are Tom.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I don’t D. No, I do.
（抓住语法原则排除两项，语义原则排除一项）
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it?
Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days.
② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
The boy shot at the goal, but missed.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water.
生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
The old man lives alone in a lonely village, but he never feels lonely.这位老人独自住在一个偏僻的小村庄，但从没感到过寂寞。
14. in the last/past + 一段时间
during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
16. play the piano 弹钢琴
17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣
④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest
He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
⑤ interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人
⑥ interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语是物
⑦ an interesting book / man
⑧take an interest in = be interested in对……感兴趣
18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.
19. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校
21.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
pay for 花费
如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
take动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有：
It take(s) sb. to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
This book cost me ten yuan.
22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him.
我喜欢和他聊天。
23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词 如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
24. all the time 一直、始终
25. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
Liu took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的；猛烈地
hardly ever 很少
hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义
动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly
hardly + 实义动词 如：
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.
27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。
28. be different from 与…不同
29. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如：
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
31. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
32.It seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如：
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。
34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如：
a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
35.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
36. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
38. in the end 最后
39. make a decision 下决定 下决心
40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶
be surprised at …某人对……惊讶
be surprised to do sth.惊讶地去做某事
in surprise 惊讶地
41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如：
You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
43. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：
She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如：
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
复合句与简单句的转化：
① when ------ at the age of …
② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
③ so that…------ in order to do sth.
④ because…----- because of…
⑤ if ….----- without / with…
⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句
⑦ 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式
⑧ be afraid
be sure that +从句 或 动词不定式
be sorry
⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.
⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
find +that + it is +形容词+to do sth-----find it +形容词 + to do sth （形式主语换成形式宾语，去掉be）
二、 短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.
2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.
4. gym class 体操课.
5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是
7. chat with 与…闲聊
8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且
11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision 做出决定
13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲
15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成.
be made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是
18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三、句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.
Unit 3
A部分重点语法
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干…
I am not allowed to watch TV at home.
Should be allowed to do sth 应该允许做。。。
We should be allowed to go out at night.
allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
My mother don’t allow me to watch TV.
allow doing sth 允许干…
They allowed smoking here.
2. go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去
3.sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls
16岁的孩子
4.part-time jobs 兼职工作
5.get one’s ears pierced 穿耳孔
have\get sth +过去分词“使…被…”
You must get your coat washed.
6.choose one’s own clothes 选自己的衣服
7. a driver’s license 驾照
8.enough 用法: enough money/books; old enough
9.on weekends 在周末
10.instead of 代替，而不是
辨析:instead (adv.); instead of (prep.)
I won’t go there, I’ll go to the park instead.
They talk instead of doing homework.
I did it instead of him.
11． at that age 在那个年龄段
12．on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上
13．by 10:00pm 晚上十点前，by不迟于，常用于将来时的句子中
14.stay up熬夜 ，不睡觉
He is allowed to stay up until 11:00.
15.clean up 打扫干净, 收拾整洁
They were all busy cleaning up the ground.
16. seem to do 好像 It seems that…
He doesn’t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
17. so do we 我们也一样
倒装句: 口诀：前后主语不一样，语序当然用倒装；前后主语一个样，语序当然要正常（用陈述语序）
So + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
例: He likes oranges. So do we.
He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.
She went to the cinema yesterday. So did I.
Tom can swim. So can John.
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认.
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是)
They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的)
语法:被动语态
1． 构成：主语+be+过去分词+by短语
一般现在时：am/is are +done
一般过去时：was/were +done
一般将来时：will be + done
现在完成时：have/has been +done
含有情态动词：can/may/must/should + done
2．用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
e.g. The kind of bike is made in Shanghai.
The room was cleaned just now.
The old people should be taken good care of in China.
3.主动语态变被动语态的方法
在将主动语态变被动语态时，首先要弄清主动语态中的主语、谓语、宾语及其时态，然后再进行变换。
主动变被动三步曲:
We speak Chinese.
① ② ③
Chinese is spoken (by us) .
③ ② ①
He likes music.
----Music is liked by him.
I ask him to help her.
----He is asked to help her.
She makes me go there every day.
----I am made to go there every day by her.
They gave me some flowers.
----I was given some flowers by them .
----- Some flowers were given to me by them.
B部分重点语法
1.get to class late . 上课迟到
2.fail (in) sth做某事失败
Do you ever worry that you'll fail (in) a test?
fail (in) a test考试不及格;
pass a test考试及格;
take a test参加考试
3. be strict with 对…要求严格
be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
4.the other day前几天,不久以前
5. concentrate on…专注于…
We would concentrate more on our clothes.
7.辨析: be good to sb/sth对…好 She is very good to me. be good at擅长; be good for对…有益
Swimming is good for our health.
8. be a good way to do 是…的好方法
9.keep +宾语+形容词 “使…保持…状态”
We must keep him happy.
Keep the door closed.
10.It’s a good idea for sb. to do
是…的好主意
11. in groups 成群的,按组的
12.get noisy 吵闹(系表结构)
13. learn from sb向某人学习
learn from each other
14.at present现在,目前
At present, the holidays are too short.
15. have an opportunity to do sth
have a chance of doing sth 有做…的机会
I had the chance of visiting Beijing.
I had no chance to see him.
16. English-English dictionary 英英词典
17. at least 至少
18. eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
19. an old people’s home 敬老院
20. perform a play for sb为…表演节目
21. be a good/great experience for sb.
对…来说是一次很好的经历
22. newspaper office报社
23. be sleepy 睏
24. after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后
25. have…off 放假,休息
We often have Saturdays off
26. reply to =answer回答,答复
an answer to …
27. volunteer to do sth 自愿作某事
阅读部分
1.get in the way of妨碍
2 a professional athlete 职业运动员
3.achieve one’s dreams实现某人的梦想
4. have nothing against doing sth不反对…
5. think about 思考,考虑
6. in the end 最后,终于
7.make a decision 做决定
Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
8.be serious about对…感兴趣的/是认真的.
I'm serious about running.
9. be always doing sth
10.care about关心,留心,重视
I know that my father cares about me.