高二牛津41期B3版（读写空间）
教材：牛津高二模块8 Unit Three 强调句
Formulas [寻规找矩]：
【考点导航】
1. It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
2. It was lack of money, not of effort, _________ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
3. It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where
【答案与解析】
1.【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【解析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。
2.【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。【解析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
3.【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。【解析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。
【重点归纳】
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：
1．用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调：(只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中)
He does know the place well．他的确很熟悉这个地方。
He did come here yesterday.
Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。
2．用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
That’s the very textbook we used last term．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．
Not a single person has been in the shop this morning．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。
How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
3．用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－ly的副词来进行强调：
Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？
He never said a word the whole day．一整天，他一句话也没说。
You’ve got to be very，very careful．你一定得非常、非常小心。
This is just what I wanted．这正是我所要的。
He was badly wounded．他伤得很严重。
I really don’t know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：
Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？
What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？
Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？
5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：
How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！
Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！
6．用重复来表示强调：
Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。
They walked for miles and miles．他们走了好多英里。
7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：
On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）
Many a time have I climbed that hill．我多次翻过那座山。
Only in this way，can we solve this problem．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。
8．用强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。
9．用If来表示强调：
1）If从句＋I don’t know who／what，etc．does／is／has，etc．；主语部分也可以用nobody does／is／has，etc．或everybody does／is／has，et c．来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：
If he can’t do it，I don’t know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）
If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）
2）if从句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：
If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。
If there is one thing he loves，it is money．如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。
10．用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：
It’s because of hard work-ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！
He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）
【难点点拨】
强调句型是近年高考的考点之一，试题趋向于较复杂的结构。常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。
原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
特别注意点：
1.条件，让步状语从句不能强调，例如：
If it rains, we won’t go out. 如果下雨，我们就不出去。
We‘ll try to finish the work in time though we are short of man power.
不能强调为：
It is if it rains that we won’t go out.
It is though we are short of manpower that we‘ll try to finish the work in time.
2.It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不可强调as, since引导的原因状语从句，例如：
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢，我才干。
可强调为：
It is because I like it that I do it.
下面这个句子则不可以强调：
Since no one is against it, we’ll adopt the proposal.
3.It-type强调句可强调so that引起的目的状语从句，但不能强调so that引起的结果状语从句，例如：
The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look". 六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来，以便他们能"看一看"。
可强调为：
It was so that they could have a "look" that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast.
下面这个句子则不可以强调：
He didn‘t plan his time well, so that he didn’t finish the work in time.
4.对由until引起的短语或从句强调，要注意否定前移，例如：
I didn‘t learn it until yesterday.
写成强调句型应该是：
It was not until yesterday that I learned it.
He didn’t come back until his wife fell asleep.
It was not until his wife fell asleep that he came back.
Grammar Work [语法专练]：
一、改正句子（请找出下列句子中的错误，并加以改正。只改动一处。）
1. It is him that was beaten in the game.
2. It is Tom and Peter that is late.
3. It is three years that she left.
4. It is for two hours when she has been waiting.
5. It was 1997 that the factory was founded.
1. It is he that was beaten in the game. 2. It is Tom and Peter that are late. 3. It is three years since she left. 4. It is for two hours that she has been waiting. 5. It was 1997 when the factory was founded.
二、改写句子（1-5特殊疑问句改为强调句；6-10强调句转为特殊疑问句。）
1. Who broke the window?
2. Why are you late?
3. When will he come here?
4. Where did you find the key?
5. Who broke the window?
6. Why is it that you are late?
7. Where was it that you found your key?
8. When is it that he will come?
9. Who was it that stole the bike？
10. What was it that he lost on the bus the day before yesterday？
1. Who was it that broke the window? 2. Why is it that you are late? 3. When is it that he will come here? 4. Where was it that you found the key? 5. Who was it that broke the window? 6. Why are you late? 7. Where did you find your key? 8. When will he come? 9. Who stole the bike? 10. What did he lose on the bus the day before yesterday?
Grammar Quiz[语法小测]:
小试牛刀（倒装句专练）
1．It was _____ he told us ____ excited us.
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
2. It was because he was in critical condition（危笃状态）______ the doctors decided operate on him.
A. that B. so that C. so D. in which
3. It was ____ he arrived at the station ____ he realized he had left his tickets at home.
A. not until; then B. until; that C. not until; when D. not until; that
4. ---Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?
---No, ____ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was
5. It will be a long time _____ we can get together again.
A. that B. when C. before D. which
6. ---____ you got in touch with Mr. Smith?
---Through a friend of mine.
A. It was how that B. How was it
C. How was it that D. Was it how that
7. It was not until the baby fell asleep ____ the room.
A. did the mother leave B. that the mother left
C. did the mother left D. that the mother had left
8. Could it be in the restaurant in _____ you had dinner with me yesterday ____ you left behind your
keys and wallet?
A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where
9. Was it the house ____ the murder happened?
A. which B. that C. where D. what
10. What color is it _____ you have painted your house?
A. what B. where C. which D. that
1-5 AADAC 6-10 CBBCD
责任编辑：李芳芳