高考英语语法系列训练（五）代 词
I.知识点归纳
代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大的灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。
一. 代词的分类
单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
指示代词 this that such these those such
相互代词 宾格 each other one another
所有格 each other’s one another’s
不定代词 可数 one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither
不可数 much, (a) little
可数不可数 any other all some
复合不定代词 anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing
疑问代词 who whom whose which what
连接代词 who whom whose which what
关系代词 who whom whose which that
二.代词的用法
1.人称代词
1) 在句中作主语,用主格;在句中作宾语,则用宾格.如： She teaches them physics.
2) 在句中作表语, 常用宾格。如： Who is it? It’s me.
但有时要用主格.如: It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。
3) 两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：单数按2,3,1人称排列; 复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列.如: you, she, and I ; we, you and they
2.物主代词
1) 形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 如:We love our motherland.
2) 名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语 如:Your coat is black while mine is red.
3.反身代词
1)用作宾语,表语或主语和宾语的同位语.
He teaches himself Japanese every evening. She is not quite herself today. 她今天身体不太舒服.
I myself can repair the bike.
2)含有反身代词的惯用语归纳
与介词连: by oneself = alone 独自 for oneself 独立;为自己
与动词连用be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 seat oneself 坐下 dress oneself in 穿着 devote oneself to 专心于献身于 help oneself to 自行取用come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气
4.指示代词
1)this和that是近指, that和those 是远指 如:I don’t want this book. I want that one.
2)有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词
At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.
3)this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this,不能用that.此外,还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词, 且后面带有of短语修饰Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中 this=wealth; that=health)
They cant afford it. That / this is their problem.
What I want you to remember is this : English is of great use.(此句中this 不能用that 替换)
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.
4)such的用法: 一般在句中作定语和主语. 如：Such is my answer./ Such are the results of the exams./ I have never seen such beautiful flowers.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。
5.相互代词
1)在句中可作宾语 They help each other and learn from each other.
2)加’s后成为所有格,作定语 They asked about one another’s life and work.
6.不定代词
不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别
1)one、some 与any的用法 one可以泛指任何人,还可以在形容词和that ,this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词, 其复数形式为ones, 可用作主语和宾语; one’s是它的物主代词形式,可用作定语oneself 是它的反身代词形式,可用作主语,同位语和宾语. Some和 any通常用作定语,都可用来修饰可数与不可数名词,单数或复数名词, some用于单数可数名词前,表示 “某一” some一般用于肯定句, any多用于疑问句,否定句中
如：One should wash oneself regularly. / This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.
I have some books. / Have you any books? I don’t have any books.
注意： some 可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中,预期的答案是肯定的, 可鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复.如：Could you let me have some coffee? (请求)/ Would you like some bananas? (邀请)
some 和any可用作主语和宾语. 例如: Some are singing, others are dancing./ They don’t like any of these films.
另外,some ,any, every, no 与one ,body, thing 构成代词都作单数看待 代词it 和代词 one
it 是代词中使用频率最高的一个，它常常指代句中的名词.，one 也可指代句中的名词
注意it 和 one 有下面三点不同：
it =the (或this my your his ----)+单数名词
one =a (或 an)+ 单数名词
it代替特定的单数名词
one代替不特定的单数名词
it的复数为they (宾格为them)
one的复数为ones
如：---Do you want this book? ---No, I don’t want it.
---Do you have a bike? ---No, I don’t. But I’ll buy one next week.
此外, one 之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指, one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。如：This film is an interesting one. / Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.
1)some ( -body, -one,-thing) 与any (- body, - one, -thing)
some类代词多用于肯定句, any类代词多用于否定句,疑问句和条件句.但是some类代词也可用 于疑问句或否定句, any类代词也可用于肯定句Did somebody phone me just now? 刚才有人给我大电话了吧? / You can do anything you like.
注意: any所修饰的名词或复合词any (- body, - one, -thing)用作主语时,后面不能有否定词.如果需要表达否定的意思时,要把any改为相应的完全否定句
如：不能说： Anyone cannot do it 应说： Nobody can do it.
2)every类代词
every类代词在形式上和语法上虽然是单数,但在意义上是复数.汉语的含义为 ＂都＂
如：――Is everyone here? ――No. Mike is not here.
3)each, every的用法
each强调个别，可以充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语．Every强调整体，相当于汉语的＂每个都＂，在句中只作定语．
如：Each of us has a dictionary. / We have two boxes each./ Every student has strong and weak points.
each所代表的数可以是两个以上，而every所指的数必须是三个以上．如： Each of the two has won a prize. / Every boy in the class likes football.
4)none和no的用法
no=not any ,在句中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语 There is no water in the well./ I know none of the workers. none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数. 如：None of the girls is in the classroom.
5)many和much 的用法
many 和much 都表示许多, 但是many 用来修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词,都可作主语,宾语和定语 如：Many of the students like sports./ There is not much water in the cup
much有时用作状语 如：He likes playing football very much
6)few, little; a few ,a little 的用法
few 和little 表示没有多少,含否定意义,而a few 和a little表示一些,有几个,含肯定意义.另外, few 与a few修饰可数名词, little与 a little 修饰不可数名词, 它们在句中常用作主语,宾语和定语
如：The old man knows a little English. Few of them can speak Russian.
7)other与another的用法
other泛指 “另外的”,作定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用,但如果前面有 the, this ,that, some, any ,each ,every ,no ,none ,one ,or 以及形容词性物主代词时,则可与单数名词连用.如:other students, all other beauty, no other way, the other one, any other boy, every other day, some other reason等
others是 other 的复数形式,特指 “别的人或物”如：Some are singing, others are dancing. / He held a book in one hand and some letters in the other./ I have five dresses. Two of them are new, the others are old.
the other 指 “两者中的另一个”,常与one 连用,作定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一方中的 “全部其余的” 如：He held a book in one hand and some letters in the other.
the others是 the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”如：I have five dresses. Two of them are new, the others are old.
another指三个或三个以上中的 “任何一个”, “再一---”, “另一个”,作代词或形容词 如：I have two handbags. One is big, the other is small. /One person may like football, while another may like table tennis.
8)all和both的用法
这两个词都表示整体,但both指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主语，宾语,表语,同位语和定语 如：That is all for today. All of us are music lovers. We like both of the stories.
注意： all表示 “一切,全部事情或情况”时,如用作主语,谓语动词用单数.
9) neither和either的用法表示两者中的任何一个．两个词都表示单数，在句中可作主语，宾语和定语如：Neither of the answers is right. ---Would you like milk or coffee? ---Either will do.
10)no one和none, anyone和any one及 everyone 和every one的用法
这三组词中前一个都泛指人，没有限定范围； 而后一个既可指人，又可指物，有一定的范围，可跟of短语，也可不跟．另外，none既可表示可数名词的概念，又可表示不可数名词的概念；而其余的都只能表示可数名词的单数概念。
11)部分否定和全部否定
both, all, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词出现在否定句中，不管否定词在前还是在后，都是部分否定 如：All of them don’t like music.他们并不都喜欢音乐．要表示完全否定，需要借助neither， none ，no one ，nothing ，nowhere ，never等词 如：There is nobody in the room
12)little, many, much, few可以有比较级和最高级形式
13)a few ,a little被quite修饰时意思是 “不少, 相当多的”,被only修饰时表示 “只有一点点,少量的”.few和little可以被修饰表示 “极少,几乎没有”
7.连接代词
所有的疑问代词都可用作连接代词, 来引起主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句 I don’t know what she has done.
8.关系代词
关系代词who whom whose that which 是用来引起定语从句的, 并在从句中充当主语, 宾语,表语或定语 He is no longer the man that he was.
9.限定词的顺序
the/ his first two books, three other films, two more chairs, the last/ past/recent/next/few/five years, many/a few/three more copies, another ten desks, all the /your light books, all/both these pictures, half his lecture, all other exercise several hundred guests, such a tall man, no/ some /all / few / other / one such----
10. it的用法
1)用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情.如: This bike is not mine. It’s Peter’s.
2)用以代替提示代词this, that 如：---What is this? ---It’s a pen.
3)起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物 如：---Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.
4)指环境情况等 如：It was very quiet at the moment.
5)指时间,季节,天气,气候等 如:---What time is it? ---It is eight o’clock. It often rains in summer.
6)指距离 如：It is five kilometers from the office to my home. It is a long way to the factory.
7)作形式主语 当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语 如：It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is not a good habit to stay up late. It is no use crying over split milk. It is a pity that you didn’t read the book..
8)作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前 如：I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. / He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
9)用于强调结构
要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语,状语,宾语), 可以把it 当作先行词.这种句子的结构是 “It is(was)+被强调部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果强调的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that
如：I met an old friend in the park yesterday.
此句各部分被强调后句型如下：
It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park.
强调谓语动词可用do ,does或did加动词原形,主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时,一般过去时的肯定句中 如：Do be quiet. He does like English.
They did play football every day when they were studying in the middle school.
II. 经典试题回顾：
1. There at the door stood a girl about the same height _____ .（04 春季 北京）
A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me
2. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are ______.（04 春季 上海）
A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers
3. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 全国一卷)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
4. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ______ he' s done for you.(04吉林)
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
5. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood we had.（04 内蒙）
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
6. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is （04 北京）
7. There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any （04 北京）
8. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B . As C . That D. What （04 北京）
9. I got the story from Tom and________ people who had worked with him .（04 天津）
A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than
10. It is easy to do the repair. _______ you need is a hammer and some nails .（04 天津）
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
11. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do.（04 湖南）
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
12. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______.（04 浙江）
A. none B. either C. any D. each
13. -Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
-_________ way as you please. （04 福建）
A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either
14. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately ________ couldn’t spare me
even one minute.（04 重庆）
A. they B. one C. who D. it
15. - One week’s time has been wasted.
- I can’t believe we did all that work for _____. （04 重庆）
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
16. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ______ to talk to.（04 广东）
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
17. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.（04上海）
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
18. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish______ in two days ?（04辽宁）
A．the rest B．the other C．another D．the others
19. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will________.（04 江苏）
A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
20. ----- There is coffee and tea; You can have ______.
----- Thanks.（03全国）
A. either B. each C. one D. it
21. ----- Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
----- Why _____ ? John is sitting there doing nothing.（03全国）
A. him B. he C. I D. me
22. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we have decided to stay for ___ two weeks.（03上海）
A. another B. other C. the other D. other’s
23. Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from _____.（03春季上海）
A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these past
24. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. (02NMET)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
25. The Parkers bought a new house but ___ need a lot of work before they can move in.（01NMET）
A. they B. it C. one D. which
26. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.（01 上海）
A. either B. neither C another .D the other.
27. If this dictionary is not yours,______ can it be?（01 春季 北京）
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
28. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ______? （01 春季 上海）
A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
29. We haven’t enough books for ; some of you will have to share . (05全国 1、2)
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
30. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _____ didn’t help. (05全国3)
A. it B. she C. which D. he
31. We asked John and Jerry, but of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. (05北京春)
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
32. I don’t think we’ve You’re taking me for ______. (05安徽)
A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other
33. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, of them answered it.
A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody (05福建)
34. First ,it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from . (05湖北)
A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest
35. Frank's dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands.
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how (05湖南)
36. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. (05湖南)
A. what B. that C. how D. which
37. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than______ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those (05江苏)
38. Cars do cause us some health problems -in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.
A. one B. ones C. it D. those (05江西)
39. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom' s. (05天津)
A. one B. that C. it D. this
40. We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found _________ we like yet. (05浙江)
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
41. - Victor certainly cares too much about himself. (05重庆)
- Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing.
A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else
42. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ______.
A. others B. the other C. either D. another (05上海)
43. _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires (05上海)
44. She went to the bookstore and bought ______. (06北京)
A. dozen books B. B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books
45. --- Which driver was to blame?
--- Why, ______! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. (06北京)
A. both B. each C. either D. neither
46. I used to earn ______ than a pound a week when I first started work. (06全国2)
A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less
47. ---Who called me this morning when I was not in? ---- A man calling ______ Robert. (06福建)
A. his B. himself C. his D.不填
48. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ______ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (06湖南)
A. this B. that C. one D. it
49. My most famous relative of all, _______ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. （06江苏）
A. one B. the one C. he D. someone
50. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (06山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
51. Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study. （06四川）
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
52. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read them this week. （06浙江）
A. all B. any C. either D. both
53. My grandma still treats me like a child. She can’t imagine grown up. （06重庆）
A. my B. mine C. myself D. me
54. Both sides have accused of breaking the contract ______. （06上海春）
A. another B. the other C. neither D. each
55. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （06山东）
A. that B. it C. this D. you
56. I hear ______ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. （06辽宁）
A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little
57. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have_____ one this month. （06天津）
A. the other B. some C. another D. other
III.巩固练习
1. Her composition is better than _______
A. anyone B. anyone else C. anyone else’s D. anyone’s else
2. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but ______ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
4. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
5. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouth full of food.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
6. ------ Is your camera like Bill’s and Ann’s?
----- No, but it is almost the same as _______.
A. her B. yours C. them D. their
7. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _______.
A. their B. theirs C. her D. hers
8. Sarah has read a lot of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _____
stories by writers from_______ countries.
A. some ; any B. other ; some C. some; other D. other ; other
9. I’d been expecting _______ letters the whole morning, but there weren’t ______ for me.
A. some ; any B. many ; a few C. some; one D. a few ; one
10. ------ When shall we meet again?
----- Make it _______ day you like; it is all the same to me.
A. one B. any C. another D. some
11. It is impossible for so ______ workers to do so _______ work in a single day.
A. few ; much B. few ; many C. little ; much D. little ; many
12. ----- Would you like some wine ? ------Yes. Just __________.
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
13. Mary learned Chinese for about two years, ______ is, from 1993 to 1995.
A. this B. that C. it D. she
14. I can’t find my umbrella ________.
A. where B. wherever C. anywhere D. somewhere
15. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _______
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
16. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _________.
A. it B. those C. them D. one
17. -------What do you think of the cake?
------- It’s nice. I’d like to have ________.
A. some other B. another C. others D. other
18 ------- Have you finished your report yet?
------ No, I’ll finish it in ________ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
19. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _______.
A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others
20. They were all tired, but ________ of them would stop to take a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
21. Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has _____of the trouble of taking
buses.
A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither
22. Don’t all speak at once! _________ , please.
A. Each at one time B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time
23. ------ Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ------ I’m afraid _______ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
24. Turner’s mother told him not to go there any more but he had ______ of it.
A. none B. nothing C. some D. not
25. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _______.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
26. ------ Are the new rules working?
------ Yes. _______ books are stolen.
A. Few B. More C. Some D. None
27. Few pleasures can equal _______ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
28. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
29. If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay _______$15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
30. ------- Why don’t we take a little break? -------- Didn’t we just have _________?
A. it B. that C. one D. this
31. Ether you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. hands out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
32. Social customs of America are more like _______ of England than of any other country
A. those B. what C. which D. that
33. ------ Look at that girl at the stage. She is already fifty.
------ You’re joking. She doesn’t look ______.
A. so B. it C. that D. the one
34. -----Did you pass the final exam?
----- No, I’m afraid I’ll have a hard time, ______ is often the case.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
35. The headmaster asked ______ students to be strict with ourselves in every thing.
A. us B. his C. the D. our
36. There is ______ doubt that he will succeed in getting the new job.
A. some B. any C. a little D. no
高考英语语法系列训练（四）代词
经典试题回顾答案及部分试题解析：
01~10: ABCCB, DABCB, 11~20: BCCAB, DDABA,
21~30: DAABB, BDDCA, 31~40: DBCAB, ACBAA,
41~50: BBCDB, DBDBB, 51~57: DDDBB, BC
1. 解析：the sane 常与as 连用，表示“与……相同”。所比较的是某人的身高，要用名词性物主代词。
2. 解析：剩下的是某人的邮票，用物主代词，当其后没有名词时，要用名词性物主代词。
3. 解析：it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是when 引导的从句。
15. 解析：从has been wasted 可以看出，did all that work for nothing 表示“所有这一周的工作都是徒劳的”
23. 解析：those of the past 指the libraries of the past.
24. 解析：one 代 a moment。 a moment I will always treasure 意思是“一个我将永远珍惜的时刻”
巩固练习答案及部分试题解析：
01~10: CDDDA, BACAB, 11~20: ACBCA, DBACC,
21~30: BDBAC, ACDAC, 31~36: DABBA, D
24. 解析：had none of 表示“不予理睬、不听某人的话”
27. 解析：that 代the pleasure
33. 解析：She doesn’t look it 意思是“看上去不像她的年龄”，这是it 比较特殊的用法。
责任编辑：李芳芳