新目标九年级7-9单元相似词语辨析(新目标版九年级英语上册教案教学设计)

发布时间:2016-8-11 编辑:互联网 手机版

1.hope, wish,want, expect

hope, wish,want, expect作为动词时,都可以表示“希望”、“想要”等意思,但其用法各不相同:

(1) hope希望,用于可能实现的场合,一般只接不定式或从句作宾语。与介词for连用,后接名词或某些不定代词,表示“希望得到”“祈求”。例如:

   I hope to see you soon. 我希望尽快见到你。

The children hope they can do something for the old man. 这些孩子希望能为这位老人做些

Do you hope for peace? 你希望和平吗?

[注意] hope后不能跟复合宾语。

2).wish愿,希望,表示客观上不太可能实现的希望或表示祝愿,,常接宾语、双宾语、复合宾语或宾语从句;wish和for连用表示“盼望”、“希望得到”。例如:

I wish you success. 我祝你成功。

We wish to see the film. 我们都希望看那部电影。

Do you wish a pen or a book? 你要的是钢笔还是书?

  I wish you to go with me. 我希望你同我一道去。

  I wish that I knew the answer. 我希望我知道这个答案。

  We wished for rain. 我盼望下雨。 

  [注意] wish后跟宾语从句时要用虚拟语气。

3).want 想要,表示企图得到某物或做某事。后接名词、代词、不定式或不定式(过去分词、现在分词)作宾补的复合宾语;后接动名词时意为“需要”。例如:

 I want a new pen.

I want to buy the bike.

My computer wants repairing /to be repaired . 我的电脑需要修理了。

The teacher wants us to clean the classroom. 老师想要我们打扫教室。

He wants the work done at once. 他想让人马上把这项工作做完。

[注意] want之后不能跟从句或“object+n”结构作宾语。

(4). expect表示“预料,期待,盼望,指望,料想,以为”等意思,强调客观上可能实现的“期望”,“期待”等,在expect之后,通常除了接不定式,带不定式的复合宾语外,还可以接名词、代词以及宾语从句。例如:

I hardly expected to find you still here. 我几乎没料想到仍会在这儿找到你。

Do you expect me to stay after that? 在那之后你希望我呆下去吗?

I didn’t expect that you would finish the work so soon. 我没料想到你会这样快地完成这项工作。  

The boy is expecting your letter. 这男孩盼望着你的信。

[注意] expect常用过去完成时表达过去未曾实现的期望;另外它后面不能接带有名词的复合宾语。

2.else ,other

else, other都可以表示“别的”、“其他的”。但是二者也有一定的区别:

(1)other用作形容词,修饰单、复数名词或代词one,位于所修饰的词之前。例如:

What's that in your other hand? 你的另一只手里拿着什么?

Other people may not think that way. 别人可能不这样想。

The story is more interesting than the other one. 这个故事比那个更有趣。

other用作代词时,意为“别的人”、“别的东西”。例如:

One of them is a boy and the other is a girl. 其中的一个是男孩,另一个是女孩。

(2)else作形容词时,用在who, whose, what 等疑问代词或something, anything, nothing, anybody, nobody等不定代词后作定语是个副词,常与不定代词、疑问代(副)词、否定代词或副词连用。例如:

Would you like anything else to drink, Miss Yang? 杨小姐,你还要喝点别的什么吗?

Do you have anything else to say? 你还有别的事情要说吗?

Who else will go to the medical conference? 还有谁要去参加医学大会?

else作副词时,用在when,where或副词后等词后作状语。例如:

I went nowhere else this afternoon. 今天下午我哪也没去。

Where else are you going to stay? 你们还要在什么地方停留?

3. by,until,before

  (1)by表示在某特定的时间之前或不迟于某特定的时间,意为“最迟在”、“不迟于”或“在……之前”等。例如:

   I will finish my task by nine.我将在九点钟前完成任务。

   The plane takes off at 10:00, so you must try to be at the airport by 9:30.飞机在十点钟起飞,所以你必须在九点半赶到机场。

  2). until用在肯定句,谓语动词通常是stand, stay, talk, wait等延续性动词,表示主句动作终止的时间。例如:

   I waited until he came back. 我一直等到他回来。

The war lasted until 1945. 战争持续到1945年。

  [注意] until如果用在否定句中,谓语动词通常是open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等瞬间性动词,强调主句动作开始的时间。例如:

   I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up. 直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。

  The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight. 街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。

  3)before在主句含有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定式延续性动词时,可与until直接替换。当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动词时,只能用before不能用until,且before常意为“没来得及……”或“……才……”等。例如:

 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦差不多将我撞倒才看见了我。

He had measured me before I could get in a word. 我还没来得及插话,他就把我的尺寸量好了。

4.other,another,the other

(1)other意思是“其他的”,作形容词时,指尚未列举或提到的部分,其复数形式others,一般作代词用。例如:

Here are other books (=others)on this subject. 还有别的书论述这个题目。

(2)another“再一个”、“另一个”指三个或三个以上不定数目中的另一个。例如:

Would you like another cup of tea? 你还想要一杯茶吗?

I have eaten two eggs. I wants to eat another one. 我已经吃两个鸡蛋了,我还向吃一个。

another作代词用时,后面不需要接任何词。例如:

I don't like this hat, please show me another. 我不喜欢这顶帽子,请再让我看看别的。

I don’t like this pen, show me another, please! 我不喜欢这只钢笔,请给我看看另一只。

(3)the other指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”;其复数形式是the others,指两个部分或两部分人中的另一个部分。例如:

I'll take this one, you may take the other.我要这个,你可以拿那个。

This article is better than the others.这篇文章比其余的好。

[注意] another、other都可以与数词或不定代词连用,它们的用法是一样的。another后跟数词或不定代词,而other前用数词或不定代词。例如:

We need another three bottles of ink. 我们还需要三瓶墨水

Three other people came in. 又进来三个人。

5.cost, take, spend, pay

(1)cost指花钱、劳动力、时间等,不以人做主语,常以事、物作主语。例如:

   The work cost them much labor. 这项工作花费了他们很多的劳动。

   How did the radio cost you? 这台录音机花了你多少钱?

(2)take 主要指花费时间,主语为物或形式主语it。常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,指事。例如:

   It took them over two years to build the bridge. 修建这座桥花了他们两年多的时间。

   The composition took (=cost) me two hours. 我用了两小时完成这篇作文。

(3)spend指花费时间、金钱等,主语为人,常和介词on连用。如果后面接动名词,则往往要用in。例如:

   He often spends his spare time (in) helping the old man. 他总是利用空余时间去帮助那个老人。

   He spent all his money yesterday. 昨天他花了他所有的钱。

I'll spend much more time on my English. 我将在英语上花多得多的时间(来学习)。

(4)pay 指花钱,主语为人,经常和介词for连用,有时带双宾语。例如:

   She paid 20 dollars for that coat. 她买那件外套花了20美元。

  I paid him 200 yuan yesterday. 我昨天给他花了200元钱。

  6. trust,believe

trust意为“相信”、“信任”,近义词是believe, 但二者也有一定的区别:

(1)trust多用来表示“相信某人的品德、为人和能力等”,和in 连用时,指“深信其可靠性”。

We have always trusted him. 我们一直信任他。

Do you trust in the man in blue over there? 你充分信任那边穿蓝衣服的人吗?

You should trust the teachers and try your best. 但是你应该相信你的老师,并且尽你最大的努力。

(2)believe侧重于“相信某人所说的话”,后接in 时表示“信仰”、信奉(真理、原则、宗教等)。

Don’t believe what the boy says. 不要相信这个男孩的话。

We believe in her very much. 我们非常信任她。  是的,我付给了他100元。

7.try to do sth,try doing sth.,manage to do sth.

短语try to do sth.、 try doing sth.和manage to do sth.都可理解为“尽力、设法做某事”,但它们有更细微的含义。

(1)try to do sth意思是“尽力、设法去做某事”,事情的结果如何,不得而知。例如:

Try to finish your work on time, please! 请尽量准时完成你的工作!

(2)try doing sth. 表示“试着去做某事”。

Yesterday the old man tried opening the door. 昨天这位老人试着把门打开了。

(3)manage to do sth. 表示“设法完成某种困难的事”,着重指经过一番努力才能达到的目的。

The woman managed to find her lost son the day before yesterday. 这位妇女终于找到了前天走失的儿子。

8. occur ,happen,take place

occur、, happen和take place三者都可表示“发生”之意,都是不及物动词或短语,不能用于被动语态。其区别是:

  (1)occur是比较正式的用语,可用于具体或抽象的事物, 通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事。例如:  

I’m afraid that this would occur during my absence. 恐怕这事会在我不在时发生。  

(2) happen常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。例如:  

New things are happening all around us. 我们身边总有新事发生。  

(3)take place通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生。” 例如:

Great changes have taken place in China since. 中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

9. so…that…,so that

. (1)so… that…的意思是“如此地…”、“…以致于……”,so 后面接形容词或副词。它引导的是结果状语从句。在口语中,so…that…中的that常被省去。例如:

Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believe the story. 威尔斯的话如此有说服力,以至于有数百人相信了这个故事。

She felt so sad that tears came to her eyes.她非常悲伤,以致于泪水盈眶。

John was so drunk(that)he could not stand still.约翰醉得站也站不住了

[注意] 在表示“如此……以致于……”时,还可以用such…that…形式,此时such 要用以修饰名词。例如:

The girl made such rapid progress that she began to write letters in English. 她进步很快,开始用英语写信了。

It was such a hot day that we all went to swim. 那是个如此热的天,我们都去游泳了。

(2)so that的意思是“为了”、“俾使”、“以致”,它引导的是目的状语从句,从句中的谓语动词常和can、may、should等情态动词连用,而且主从、句间不用逗号。例如:

Please switch the light on so that we can see what it is.请开灯,让我们看一下它是什么东西。

The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day. 这个小孩积攒了每分钱,为了在母亲节能给妈妈买件礼物。

10. fill with, be filled with, be full of

(1) fill with, 意为“将……装满……”或“使……充满……”,有时也写为fill…with...。例如:

   Jack filled his pockets with chestnuts. 杰克将口袋装栗子。

  The room filled with heavy smoke.满屋浓烟。

(2)be filled with为系表结构,意思是“充满……”。例如:

   The young man is filled with joy. 那青年内心充满喜悦。

She was filled with happiness when she heard the news. 她听到这个消息时,心中充满了喜悦。

  (3)full of是短语形容词,含义与filled with相近,意思是“装满了……”,可充当状语、定语(后置)或表语。例如:

   Tom stared at the footprint, full of fear.汤姆盯着那个脚印,满怀恐惧。(状语)

   He received several baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulations.他收到了满满几篮子表示祝贺的卡片、贺信和贺电。(定语)

   When we returned to the home, everything I touched seemed to be full of life. …当我们回到家时,我所接触的样样东西似乎都洋溢着生命。(表语)

11. answer, reply

answer和reply都可以表示‘回答“之意,但具体用法也有区别。

(1)answer指针对另一行为的一般性回应,可自由地用作及物或不及物动词。例如:

He didn’t answer my questions. 他没有回答我的问题。

What you have done will be answered. 你会遭报应的。

(2)reply 指对他人的陈述或问题给予回答,除了后接that从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外,一般只作不及物动词,如果后面跟名词或代词,通常借助 to。例如:

Jack haven’t replied to my last letter yet. 杰克还没回复我的上封信。

She replied that she was going to Jixi. 她回答说她要去鸡西。

12. such as, for example

(1) such as 表示“例如”,一般置于所列举事物的前面,as后面不可有逗号。所列的事物或人可是一个,也可是多个。例如:

Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.一些垃圾,诸如食物、纸张、铁很长一段时间后都会烂掉。

They planted such beautiful blowers as roses ,sunflowers in the garden.他们在花园里种了像玫瑰、向日葵一些了看的花。

[注意] 使用such as这个短语时,后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和,一旦相等就要用that is或namely。如不可以说:I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom.应该说:I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom. 我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。

(2)for example 除列举单个人或事物外,它可列举一个完整的事件或一系列人物。用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语, 可位于句首、句中或句末。例如:

Some students ,for example, John live in the school.一些学生,如约翰就住在学校里。

What would you do if you met a wild animal – a tiger, for example? 如果遇上野兽,例如老虎, 你该怎么办?

 13. everyday, every day

(1)everyday是形容词,意思是“每天的”,“日常的”,只能作定语。例如:

 everyday life日常生活;everyday English日常用英语;everyday clothes便服

(2)every day是副词,意思是“每天”,作状语。例如:

  We have English lessons everyday. 我们每天都上英语课。

14.no more,no longer,not any more,not any longer

(1)no more=not...any more,表示数量和程度的“不再”增加,通常修饰终止性动词,一般指今后“不再”,故多用于将来时中,常放在行为动词之前,系动词之后,而在否定句里则放在句末。例如:

We have no more money to give you. 我们没有更多的钱给你。

The baby watched and listened, and she didn't cry any more.那个婴儿看着、听着,不再哭了。

(2)no longer=not...any longer,表示时间或距离的“不再”延长,通常修饰延续性动词,多指现在的情况与过去相比,故常用于现在时态中,在句中的位置与no more相同。例如:

The picnic basket was no longer under the tree. 装有野餐的篮子不再在树下了。

   They can't stay here any longer.他们不能再留在这里了。

[注意] no longer要位于实义动词之前,be动词之后。not… any longer一般不和be连用。表示某个动作和状态因为某种因素而突然不再延续时,应用no longer 或not any longer,而不可用no more或not any more。

【实战演习】选择括号里的词或词组填空。

1.The teacher _____ (hope, wish,want, expect ) us to clean the classroom.

2.I_____ (hope, wish,want, expect )that I were young again.

3. Do you know where the_____ (else, other) boys are?

4. What _____ (else, other) can you see in the room?

5. Mary had finished her homework______(by,until,before)her mother returned.

6. The mother asked the boy to close _____ (other,another,the other) eye.

7. The student by the window asked_____ (other,another,the other) three questions.

8. It _____ (cost, took, spent, paid) him three hours to do his homework yesterday.

9. Do you know how much the computer _____ (cost, take, spend, pay)?

10.They _____ (cost, took, spent, paid) two years on the job.

11. He is a good teacher. We all _____ (trust,believe) him.

12.We can’t _____ (trust,believe) anything he says.

13.He looked for the lost dog, at last he _____(tried to find, tried finding, managed to find) it in the street

14. There're so many policemen over there. What's _________ (occuring, happening, taking place) in the street?

15. The camera is ________expensive_______ (so, that ; such, that ; /, so that)I can't afford it.   

16.I heard his heart has _____(been filled with, been full of, filled with)hope.

17.The man _____(answered, replied) that he didn’t anything about it.

18. Can you speak any other languages, ______ (such as, for example ) , English or Japanese?

19. We go swimming in the river _____( everyday, every day).

20. He is_____ ( no longer, no more )a handsome Lake for holiday

Key:

1. want 2. wish 3. other 4. else 5. before 6. the other 7. another 8. took 9. took 10. spent

11. trust 12. believe 13. managed to find 14. happening 15. so, that 16. been filled with

17. replied 18. for example 19. every day 20. no longer